Mengenal Tes Marlins, Bentuk Soal dan Kegunaannya bagi Para Pelaut

Mengenal Tes Marlins, Bentuk Soal dan Kegunaannya bagi Para Pelaut

Ayunara Bahar Comment Artikel Marlin Test

Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa global yang digunakan hampir semua penduduk di dunia. Hal itu dikuatkan oleh banyaknya penggunaan bahasa Inggris dalam semua lini kepentingan baik pendidikan, ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan masih banyak lagi.  Dalam dunia pendidikan misalnya, kita mempelajari bahasa Inggris dari semenjak zaman sekolah dasar sampai dengan perguruan tinggi. Kemampuan bahasa Inggris banyak diukur melalui tes untuk menguji seberapa mahir siswa dalam bahasa Inggris. Hal itu tidak lain dimaksudkan untuk mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi era global saat ini.

gambar ilustrasi

Selain itu, dalam urusan dunia pekerjaan, berbagai perusahaan juga menempatkan kemahiran bahasa Inggris sebagai tolak ukur kemampuan karyawan atau calon karyawannya. Kemajuan dan kebutuhan global akan komunikasi antara orang- orang diseluruh dunia menuntut kemampuan akan bahasa Inggris yang baik. Pengujian kemampuan dalam bahasa Inggris tersebut biasanya dilakukan melalui tes. Seperti yang kita kenal, ada banyak tes bahasa Inggris yang berkembang saat ini, seperti TOEFL, TOEIC, dan IELTS. Ketiganya memiliki peruntukan yang berbeda sesuai dengan tujuannya. Namun, tahukah kita ternyata ada satu lagi bentuk tes yang diperuntukkan untuk profesi tertentu khususnya seorang pelaut yaitu Marlins English Language Test atau yang dikenal dengan tes Marlins.

Apakah Tes Marlins itu?

Tes Marlins merupakan sebuah tes yang mesti dilalui oleh seorang calon pelaut saat mereka ingin mengembangkan keprofesionalannya. Seorang pelaut memang dituntut untuk bisa berkomunikasi dengan baik karena bisa saja setiap saat mereka akan bertemudalam kesempatan yang tidak terduga dengan beragam orang diseluruh dunia yang tentu saja pengetahuan dan keterampilan akan bahasa global sangat begitu diperlukan.

Kategori Tes Marlins

Dalam tes marlins, ada tiga kategori tes yang membedakan peruntukan berdasarkan pekerjaan dan profesi pelaut, yaitu seafarers, cruise ship staff dan  offshore workers. 

#1.  The Marlins English Language Test for Seafarers

Tes ini ditujukan untuk pelaut untuk  menguji kemampuan mereka untuk berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris. Untuk kategori tes ini, setiap tes terdiri dari total 85 pertanyaan yang dipecah menjadi beberapa bagian sebagai berikut:

• Listening comprehension (25 pertanyaan)
• Grammar (30 pertanyaan)
• Vocabulary (15 pertanyaan)
• Different sounds and pronunciation (9 pertanyaan)
• Reading (1 pertanyaan)
• Time and numbers (5 pertanyaan)

Jumlah skor akhir dihitung sebagai persentase keseluruhan dan waktu maksimal yang disarankan adalah 60 menit.

#2.  The Marlins English Language Test for Cruise Ship Staff

Tes ini dimaksudkan bagi mereka yang bekerja untuk industri pelayaran. Tes ini berlaku untuk semua posisi hotel laut di kapal pesiar dan dapat diambil oleh warga negara manapun di lokasi manapun di seluruh dunia. Pertanyaan uji menekankan secara khusus pada interaksi staf atau tamu dan layanan pelanggan dalam situasi yang beragam.

Jumlah soal terdiri atas 50 butir soal dengan pembagian sebagai berikut :

• Listening comprehension (14 pertanyaan)
• Grammar (19 pertanyaan)
• Vocabulary (12 pertanyaan)
• Reading (1 pertanyaan)
• Time and numbers (4 pertanyaan)

Jumlah skor akhir dihitung sebagai persentase keseluruhan  dan waktu maksimal untuk mengerjakan tes ini adalah 30 menit. 

#3. The Marlins English Language Test for Offshore Workers

Tes ini dirancang untuk konteks industri minyak dan gas bumi lepas pantai. Terapannya, tes ini lebih berfokus pada kemampuan untuk memahami bahasa Inggris daripada menguji keterampilan teknis khusus. Tes kategori ini sangat cocok untuk semua negara dan posisi terlepas dari apakah mereka berbasis di luar negeri atau di darat.

Jumlah soal adalah 85 dengan pembagian sebagai berikut :

• Listening comprehension (28 pertanyaan)
• Grammar (28 pertanyaan)
• Vocabulary (17 pertanyaan)
• Reading (1 pertanyaan)
• Time and numbers (6 pertanyaan)

Jumlah skor akhir dihitung sebagai persentase keseluruhan  dan waktu maksimal untuk mengerjakan tes ini adalah 60 menit. 

Ketiga tes diatas dikerjakan secara online melalui platform tes Marlins, dengan cara mendaftar terlebih dahulu dan membayar kode lisensinya. Dari informasi pada website resminya, biaya per test the Marlins English Language Test for Seafarers and Cruise sebesar USD 14 per test, sementara the Test for Offshore Workers yaitu USD 25 per test. Lebih jelasnya, bisa dibuka pada laman https://marlins.co.uk/important-news-price-increase

Bentuk Soal Marlins Test

Untuk mengetahui contoh dan materi yang muncul, saya screenshot-kan bentuk contoh soal latihan tes Marlins untuk seafarer. Semoga bisa menjadi gambaran.

Soal Listening
a. Memilih kata
Pada bentuk soal listening bentuk ini, akan tampil sebuah kalimat rumpang, kemudian penutur akan mengatakan sebuah kata, lalu anda bisa memilih kata yang tepat dalam pilihan jawaban yang tersedia.

b. Mendengarkan percakapan
Pada soal listening bentuk ini, anda akan mendengarkan percakapan lalu pilih jawaban yang benar sesuai dengan maksud dari apa yang dikatakan oleh penutur.

Soal Grammar
a. Soal Preposition

b. Menjelaskan gambar

c. Mengisikan rumpang sesuai grammar

d. Menyusun kata menjadi kalimat

Soal Vocabulary
a. Mengelompokkan kata

b. Menempatkan kata sesuai dengan gambar

c. Menempatkan kata sesuai kategori

Time and Numbers
Memilih bagaimana mengucapkan waktu dan nomor

Pronounciation
Memilih kata dengan suara yang berbeda

Reading
Membaca teks kemudian mengisikan rumpang dalam teks tersebut

Selain untuk kategori kebutuhan seafarer, anda bisa mencoba terlebih dahulu soal- soal sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang anda perlukan melalui website resminya di 

https://www.marlinstests.com, 

Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat dan jangan lupa untuk menuliskan komentar anda melalui kolom komentar yang ada di bawah ini.

Terima kasih.

Sumber referensi tulisan:

https://marlins.co.uk

Sumber gambar latihan soal :
https://www.marlinstests.com

Game- Game Ini Cocok untuk Me-Refresh Kembali Semangat Belajar Bahasa Inggris Setelah Liburan

Game- Game Ini Cocok untuk Me-Refresh Kembali Semangat Belajar Bahasa Inggris Setelah Liburan

Ayunara Bahar Comment Tekno Guru

Tahun baru semangat baru dan harapan baru, itulah kata- kata yang sering terlontar oleh kita sebagai guru saat menjalani aktivitas di masa awal tahun baru ini. Namun kadang- kadang hal tersebut tidak selamanya tercipta lantaran masa- masa awal tahun ini di dahului oleh liburan yang panjang. Kita tidak bisa memungkiri bahwa aktivitas awal masih terpengaruh oleh "enaknya" masa liburan, sehingga kadang semangat pun surut. 

Tak jauh berbeda dengan guru, siswa pun juga demikian mengalami hal yang sama. Dirasa masa setelah liburan merupakan masa yang paling berat, kita harus pandai- pandai menciptakan suasana kelas yang menyenangkan sehingga bisa me-refresh kembali mood belajar mereka. 

Game Hangman

Salah satu caranya adalah dengan penerapan game di kelas. Game merupakan salah satu aspek yang cocok untuk menumbuhkan kembali minat dan mood belajar siswa. Sekarang ini ada banyak game yang bisa kita pilih untuk kita terapkan di kelas. Tentu saja kita harus memilih game berdasarkan aspek kemanfaatan terhadap pembelajaran, misalnya tepat, akurat, efektif, menyenangkan, serta mudah untuk dimainkan.

Pada tulisan kali ini saya akan berbagi dengan rekan- rekan guru semuanya mengenai game- game yang dirasa tepat untuk kita terapkan di kelas di awal- awal semester ini. Nah, Game- game apa saja, berikut ulasannya.

#1. Hangman

Hangman merupakan game klasik populer untuk mengasah "spelling" dan kemampuan vocabulary bahasa Inggris. Sistem kerjanya, yaitu kita harus menebak huruf yang akan membentuk sebuah kata misteri, tentu saja dalam bahasa Inggris.

Ada banyak versi sekarang ini, dari versi tradisional sampai yang berbau android. Namun kali ini, saya akan membahas secara tradisional saja sehingga lebih mudah untuk kita terapkan game ini dengan melibatkan siswa- siswa di kelas. Kita tidak membutuhkan material yang muluk- muluk, kita hanya perlu memanfaatkan material di sekitar kelas saja, yaitu whiteboard atau kertas, boardmarker atau pen. Untuk lebih menyenangkan lagi, kita juga butuh imajinasi yang bisa membuat siswa kita tertarik.

Cara Memainkannya

1. Buatlah grup dalam kelas, pilih satu pemain memilih kata misteri sementara grup- grup yang lain akan menebak kata tersebut. Misalnya, guru memilih salah satu anggota dari grup yang bernama Andi. Kemudian dia akan  mengambil kata dengan kategori tertentu misalnya kategori "animal" dengan kata misteri "crocodile"." "Crocodile" memiliki sembilan huruf di dalamnya, jadi Andi akan menarik enam huruf kosong dan juga menggambar sebuah tiang untuk hangman dan sebuah kotak untuk melacak beberapa dugaan yang salah. Berikut ini adalah contohnya:

2. Satu persatu pemain lain akan menebak kata tersebut, grup lain harus menebak satu huruf untuk menyusun kata misteri tersebut, bila tebakan salah, silahkan masukkan huruf pada kotak bagian atas, sedangkan tebakan  huruf yang benar masukkan pada atas strip. Setiap tebakan huruf yang salah, maka, Andi akan menggambar bagian tubuh dari hangman, biasanya adalah bagian kepala terlebih dahulu.  

3. Mainkan Hangman sampai selesai atau sampai kata tertebak oleh anggota dari grup. Grup yang pertama bisa menebak maka dianggap sebagai pemenangnya. Namun, bila kata tersebut belum tertebak atau andi bisa menggambar Hangman dengan lengkap, maka grup yang lain kalah. Adapun Hangman yang lengkap meliputi kepala, wajah, dua tangan, tubuh, dan dua kaki.

#2. 20 Questions

Hampir sama dengan Hangman, game 20 questions, merupakan permainan kata. game ini bisa dimainkan oleh dua orang atau lebih. Game ini akan melatih para pemainnya dalam kemampuan speaking dan listening.   

Cara memainkannya

1. Pilih salah satu siswa misalnya Andi. Andi akan menentukan kata apa yang nantinya akan ditebak oleh siswa atau kelompok lain. Tetapi sebelum menentukan kata, tentukan kategori tertentu terhadap kata yang difikirkan untuk lebih membuat pertanyaan yang akan diajukan lebih spesifik, misalnya, animal, home appliance, vegetables, dan sebagainya.

2. Siswa atau anggota kelompok yang lain harus menebak kata tersebut dengan menggunakan aturan grammar yang berlaku. Pertanyaan harus dengan format jawaban yes/ no. Misalnya, does it... ?, can it ...?, is it ...?

3. Jumlah pertanyaan maksimal berjumlah 20 (dua puluh), bila salah satu anggota grup lain bisa memancing pertanyaan dan menemukan jawabannya sebelum jumlah dua puluh pertanyaan tersebut, maka anggota atau grup tersebut adalah pemenangnya. 

Kedua game diatas dapat dimainkan dengan tanpa bantuan teknologi terkini, kita hanya butuh papan tulis dan boardmarker untuk membuat antusias siswa kelas kita. 

Tentu masih banyak lagi game lain yang juga sangat menarik untuk dimainkan. Bila anda memilikinya, silahkan share melalui kolom komentar di bawah ini.

Semoga bermanfaat.

Contoh Soal Teks Narrative dalam Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMA

Contoh Soal Teks Narrative dalam Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMA

Ayunara Bahar Comment Bahasa Inggris Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMA

Teks narrative mempunyai tujuan komunikatif  to entertain/ amuse the readers and to deal with actual or variuous experience (menghibur pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal). Ciri- ciri dalam teks narrative adalah adanya unsur konflik ( masalah) dan penyelesaian ( resolusi). Jumlah permasalahan bisa saja satu atau lebih dari satu.

ilustrasi/ Dok pribadi

Dalam teks narrative, mempunyai struktur teks sebagai berikut:

• Orientation ( Latar; Tokoh, waktu, dan tempat)
• Evaluation ( sifatnya opsional)
• Complication ( pengembangan konflik)
• Resolution ( penyelesaian konflik)
• Reorientation  ( sifatnya opsional)

Ciri- ciri kebahasaan dalam teks narrative adalah sebagai berikut;

1. Focus on spesific participants
2. Use of past tense
3. Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances
4. Use of material ( or action) process
5. Use of relational and mental  process.

• Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, misalnya housework, stepsisters
• Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya: two red apples, old wood house
• Time connectives and conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian misalnya then, before that, dsb.
• Adverbs and adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, misalnya here, in the wood, happily ever after, dsb.
• Action verbs dalam past tense, misalnya lived, stayed, left, dsb.
• Saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti said

Ada beberapa tipe dalam narrative teks, biasanya teks tersebut  bersifat fiksi, fakta , atau gabungan antara keduanya. Cerita dalam narrative teks  bisa berbentuk cerita peri ( fairy stories), misteri ( mysteries), fiksi ilmiah ( science fiction), roman, cerita horor,  cerita petualangan, fabel, mitos dan legenda,  sejarah, balad, penggalan kisah hidup seseorang, ataupun pengalaman pribadi.

Berikut ini adalah contoh dari teks narrative.

Contoh Teks Narrative

Soal- soal narrative text biasanya mencakup pertanyaan seputar menentukan gambaran umum, menemukan informasi tertentu, menentukan pikiran utama paragraf, menentukan informasi rinci baik tersirat maupun tersurat, menentukan makna kata seperti persamaan dan lawan kata serta menentukan nilai moral dalam teks tersebut.

Contoh Soal Narrative Text

Untuk melengkapi pembahasan Narrative Text, berikut contoh soal narrative text yang langsung bisa dikerjakan secara online. Soal berjumlah sepuluh butir yang sesuai dengan soal- soal acuan standar Ujian Nasional SMA. Nilai atau skor akan terlihat saat anda sudah menyelesaikan latihan soal.

Text 1 for number 1 - 3

Once a man sold his well to a farmer. Next day when a farmer went to draw the water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from the well.”
The farmer became very sad and came to the Emperor’s court. He described everything to the Emperor and asked for the justice. The Emperor called Birbal and handed over this case to him. Birbal called the man who sold the well to the farmer. Birbal asked, “Why don’t you let him use the water of the well. You have sold the well to the farmer.” The man replied, “Birbal, I have sold the well to the farmer, not the water. He has no right to draw the water from the well.”
Then Birbal smiled and said to him, “Good, but look, since you have sold the well to this farmer, and you claim that water is yours, then you have no right to keep your water in the farmer’s well. Either you pay rent to the farmer to keep your water in his well, or you take that out of his well immediately.”
The man understood, that his trick has failed. Birbal has outwitted him.

1. What is the text about?
A farmer and witty birbal
A smart man and a farmer
An emperor and a witty birbal
Farmer’s well and witty birbal
A farmer and an emperor

2. Why didn’t the man let the farmer use the water from the well?
Because the man needed the water for himself
Because there was no water in the well
Because the man obeyed what the emperor said
Because water in the well was not included in the sales agreement they made before
Because the man thought that he had sold the well but the water was not involved

3. What is the moral value of the text?
Stealing is not a good thing, you can always use your brain and ease out of the difficult situations.
Don’t try to cheat because you will end up paying for it regardless of how smart you think you are.
One who desires more, loses all. One should remain satisfied with what one gets
There is no substitute for hard work because dreams cannot be fulfilled without hard work
Do not just blindly walk in to anything without thinking

Text 2 for number 4 -7

Once upon a time Sammy and his sister Marie visited their grandparents at their farm. Sammy picked up a slingshot to play with out in the woods. He practiced in the woods but he could never hit the target. Getting a little discouraged, he headed back for the lunch. As he was walking back he saw Grandma’s pet duck.
Just out of impulse, he let the slingshot fly which hit the duck square in the head and killed it. He was shocked and grieved. In a panic, he hid the dead duck in the pile of woods. Marie had seen it all from the window but she said nothing. After the lunch, the next day Grandma said, “Marie, let’s wash the dishes.” Marie said, “But Grandma, Sammy told me he wanted to help in the kitchen.”
Then she whispered to Sammy, “Remember the duck?” Sammy got nervous knowing his sister knew about the duck and if he doesn’t obey, she may tell his grandparents about it. So without saying anything he did the dishes.
Later that day, Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go fishing but Grandma said, “I’m sorry but I need Marie to help make a supper.” Marie just smiled and said, “Well that’s all right because Sammy told me he wanted to help.”
She whispered again to Johnny, “Remember the duck?” So Marie went fishing and Sammy stayed to help. After several days of Marie taking advantage of Sammy, he finally couldn’t stand it any longer. He came to Grandma and confessed that he had killed the duck.
Grandma knelt down, gave him a hug and said, “Sweetheart, I know. I was standing at the window and I saw the whole thing but because I love you, I forgave you. I was just wondering how long you would let Marie take advantage of you.”
Source : http://www.moralstories.org

4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A little boy and a duck
A little boy in a slingshot
A reckless little boy
A brave little boy
A humble little boy

5. Why didn’t Sammy tell to his grandmother that he had killed the duck? Because ….
He was relieved that he could hit the target
He waited for his sister tell his grandparents about it
He was afraid of saying about the duck
He did not want to tell about it
He wanted to tell abouth the truth later

6. What is the moral value of the story?
Practice makes perfect
What is bad in one case may be good in another
Don’t trust people easily
You should confess of your mistakes
Keep going and do the best

Text 3 for number 7 -10

Once upon a time there was a traveler who went to a distant town. It almost midnight when he got the town. He came to an inn but the inn was locked. He tried to knock at the door.
“Who are you? What do you want?” asked a voice from inside the inn. “The door cannot be unlocked at such an odd hour.”
The traveler needed a rest, food and shelter. He begged, “ Please, unlock the door. How cold it is outside.”
The innkeeper replied,” it’s strange lock and can be opened only with a silver key.”
Because of his needs and the terrible condition outside, the traveler finally obeyed about what innkeeper said and passed a silver coin through a slit in the door. Then he got the door unlocked and entered into the inn.
“I have left one of my bags outside”said the traveler.” Will you please bring it in?”
No sooner the inkeeper had gone out and the traveler locked the door from inside. The greedy inkeeper was outside and shut on. He requested to unlock the door to the traveler.
The traveler replied, “ I’m helpless, it’s a strange lock and can be opened only with a silver key.”
The inkeeper was required to push a silver coin though the slit. The traveler got back his silver coin and unlock the door.
(Taken from : Angel’s Moral Stories)

7. What is the story about?
A traveler going to a distant town
A wicked traveler and a helpless traveler
A silver key which is used to unlock the door’s inn
A greedy inkeeper and a smart traveler
a traveler who came from a distant town

8. It can be referred from the text that ….
Inn was unlocked when the traveler came
The innkeeper summoned the traveler to go inside because of his poor condition
The traveler finally got back his silver coin from the inkeeper
The traveler brought all of his bags inside
The silver coin was given after the door opened

9. What is the moral value of the story above?
Revenge is a bad thing to apply in every condition
We should prepare well when we travel
Don’t underestimate to someone
Smart person always beats greedy person
We should avoid bribery in our life

10. The traveler finally obeyed about what innkeeper said and passed a silver coin through a slit in the door.... his needs and the terrible condition outside.
Because
since
as
for
due to

Score =
Correct answers:

Semoga bermanfaat dan bila ada pertanyaan seputar tulisan diatas, jangan lupa tinggalkan isian di kolom komentar. Terima kasih dan ditunggu kunjungannya kembali.

Cara Mengubah Adverb Clause menjadi Modifying Phrases

Cara Mengubah Adverb Clause menjadi Modifying Phrases

Ayunara Bahar Comment

Adverbial clause merupakan klausa (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) , untuk menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial clauses biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan arti atau maksud dari clause connectors yang menyertainya. Seperti halnya adjective clause menjadi modifying phrases, Adverb clause juga bisa diubah menjadi modifying phrases dengan dipersingkat atau direduksi. 

Contoh :

• Adverb Clause : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
• Modifying Phrase : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

• Adverb Clause : Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
• Modifying phrase : Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.

Soal- soal dengan bentuk ini juga sering muncul pada uji materi grammar bahasa Inggris. Untuk lebih jelasnya, bisa dilihat pada contoh soal berikut ini,

When ... , you are free  to leave.
(A) the finished report
(B) finished with the report
(C) the report
(D) is the report finished

atau pada soal,

Until ... incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the insides of white dwarfs were uniform.
(A) they
(B) their proof
(C) the astronomers recently proven
(D) recently proven

Dalam bahasa Inggris, beberapa adverb clauses bisa diubah menjadi modifying phrases yaitu dengan mereduksi bentuknya. Salah satu syarat yang paling penting dalam mereduksi adverb clause menjadi sebuah modifying phrases adalah hanya ketika subjek pada adverb clause dan subjek pada klausa utama itu sama. 

Contoh :

• Since  I came here, I have learned a lot of English.

menjadi

• Since coming here, I have learned a lot of English.

Bila subjek pada adverbial clause dan subjek pada klausa utama itu berbeda, maka tidak akan ada perubahan dari bentuk adverbial clause menjadi modifying phrase. Perhatikan pada kata atau frase yang dicetak tebal pada contoh dibawah.

Contoh :

• While I was watching TV last night, the telephone rang.
• Before the students came to class, the teacher had already given a quiz.

Adapun cara untuk mereduksi adverb clause menjadi modifying clause adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Hilangkan subjek dari dependent clause  dan bentuk be dari kata kerja.

Contoh :

• Adverb Clause: While I was living in Bali last year, I learned many things about Balinese customs.
• Modifying Phrase: While living in Bali last year, I learned many things about Balinese customs.

2. Bila dalam kalimat tidak ada bentuk "be", maka hilangkan subjek dan tambahkan kata kerjanya dengan -ing.

Contoh :

• Adverb Clause: You should always read a contract before you sign your name.
• Modifying Phrase: You should always read a contract before signing your name.

Note :

Perlu diketahui bahwa tidak semua adverb clause bisa direduksi menjadi modifying phrases. Beberapa adverb clauses dengan clause connectors tertentu hanya bisa mengalami reduksi bila kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk pasif.

Contoh :

• Once you submit your thesis, you will graduate. (bentuk aktif - tidak mengalami perubahan)
• Once purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned. (bentuk pasif - mengalami perubahan)

Berikut tabel clause connectors yang bisa mengalami reduksi bentuk adverb clause menjadi modifying phrases.

Selamat belajar.

Referensi: 

• Azar, Betty S, Understanding and Using English Grammar,Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,1989
• Phillips, Deborah, Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test, Pearson Education, New York,2001

  

Pembahasan, Contoh dan Latihan Soal Exposition Text

Pembahasan, Contoh dan Latihan Soal Exposition Text

Ayunara Bahar 3 comments Bahasa Inggris

Exposition text merupakan salah satu dari macam teks bahasa Inggris yang disebutkan sebagai salah satu materi teks dalam kisi- kisi soal Ujian Nasional SMA beberapa waktu lalu. Sebenarnya teks ini sering kita temukan dalam kehidupan sehari- hari seperti artikel majalah atau koran. Teks ini menyodorkan pendapat/ ide/ pandangan/ argumen penulis akan suatu perkara/ topik / permasalahan / fenomena misalnya saja ketidaksetujuan akan merokok, membuang sampah industri sembarangan, penggunaan internet sehat atau bahkan imbauan untuk berperilaku hidup sehat.

sumber foto: www.photopin.com

Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada dua jenis teks exposition yaitu analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition.  Analytical exposition merupakan teks yang menyodorkan  suatu pendapat/ opini/ pendapat  bahwa suatu topik atau fenomena harus mendapat suatu perhatian, penjelasan dan uraian. Dalam hal ini penulis berusaha membujuk pembaca untuk memiliki sikap pro kontra terhadap sesuatu. Sedangkan hortatory exposition, penulis menyodorkan ide/ opini/ pendapat untuk mempengaruhi/ membujuk pembaca  untuk memiliki sikap pro dan kontra terhadap sesuatu.

Kedua jenis teks tersebut memiliki kesamaan atau bahkan bila dilihat sekilas hampir sama, yang membedakan adalah pada bagian conclusion-nya saja yaitu pada analytical exposition menggunakan reiteration dan pada hortatory menggunakan recommendation.

Teks analytical exposition seringkali dikenal dengan istilah argumentative, sementara hortatory exposition dikenal dengan istilah persuasive. Untuk lebih jelas tentang perbedaan generic structure dari kedua teks exposition, anda bisa melihat pada tabel berikut,

Analytical Exposition	Hortatory exposition
Thesis, pernyataan pendapat penulis akan suatu kasus atau fenomena Argument, terdiri dari point atau inti masalah atau hal yang menjadi pokok inti masalah Reiteration, penguatan pernyataan	Thesis, pernyataan pendapat penulis akan suatu kasus/ fenomena atau isu hal yang dipersoalkan Argument, alasan terhadap thesis atau pernyataan yang disampaikan Recommendation, Pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya sesuatu itu dilakukan

Dan untuk unsur kebahasaannya adalah sebagai berikut kut

Analytical exposition	Hortatory exposition
General noun, misalnya pollution, car Abstract noun, misalnya government, policy Jargon, misalnya species, mammal, etc Modals, misalnya must, should, etc. Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya significant, necessary Kalimat pasif	Abstract noun, misalnya government, policy Jargon, misalnya species, mammals Modals, misalnya must, should, etc Thinking verb, misalnya believe, think, Kalimat pasif Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya significant, necessary

Berikut merupakan contoh dari teks analytical exposition

       English is the most important language in the world. It is the language spoken at United Nations; It is also the official language in diplomacy. In addition, English is useful in many occupations. For example, air traffic controllers all over the world  must be able to speak English. Since English is so important, it is compulsory subject in any level of school in Indonesia.

Dan untuk contoh teks hortatory exposition

    Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress in our world  has caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical progress in previous  years has  been helpful, recent technology has significantly increased pollution. Another reason  to stop technical progress is  that many inventions  which were developed for good causes are now  also used  for powerful weapons or have been found  to have serious side effects.
     Because  no man can guarantee that technology that technology  will have  only good effects and will be used only the benefit of man, we should delay the continued program development of technology. 

Soal -Soal Teks Exposition

Dalam soal ujian memang tidak disebutkan secara detail penggolongan teks exposition baik hortatory maupun analytical. Pada intinya, teks tersebut menyodorkan pendapat/ ide/ pandangan/ argumen penulis akan suatu perkara/ topik / permasalahan / fenomena dalam satu sudut pandang sehingga pembaca diarahkan untuk dibujuk terhadap apa yang disampaikan oleh penulis tentang hal- hal yang disodorkan. 

Biasanya, soal- soal exposition text berkisar yaitu menentukan gambaran umum, menemukan informasi tertentu, menentukan pikiran utama paragraf, menentukan informasi rinci baik tersirat maupun tersurat,serta menentukan makna kata seperti persamaan dan lawan kata. 

Untuk lebih jelas, berikut ini saya berikan contoh soal teks exposition. Teks ini saya sitat dari soal Ujian Nasional SMA tahun 2008 yang lalu.

Do you want to buy a mobile phone? Don't be hasty. There are many things to consider. Be reasonable before making a decision.
First, you can start by asking yourself the usefulness of the equipment. The question might be , " Do I want it for a prestige or its usefulness?"
Then you should make a choice be the type of mobile phone. There are various choices in the market, so you should decide the one that meets your needs and whether you can afford it or not.
The consequence of using a mobile phone is its high  operational costs. You have to pay more for a mobile  phone compared to a fixed telephone. Therefore you should only use the mobile phone only for important talks.
                                                                                         Text Taken from: Soal UN 2008

Number 1
What is the text about?
A. The various type of mobile phone
B. The benefits of using a mobile phone
C. The effects of using a mobile phone
D. Things to consider before buying mobile phone
E. The description of a new mobile phone

Number 2
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Having mobile phone is a must
B. We should only use mobile phone for chatting
C. Buying a mobile phone is only for prestige
D. It is advisable to use a mobile phone only for important talks
E. Using mobile phone needs low budget

Sebagai bahan latihan, berikut soal exposition text yang bisa anda kerjakan secara online. Ada sepuluh butir soal yang bisa anda kerjakan. Bila berguna dan bermanfaat, jangan lupa untuk berbagi ke teman- teman yang lain.

Oke, Check this out...

Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress in our world has caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical progress in previous years has been helpful, recent technology has significantly increased pollution. Another reason to stop technical progress is that many inventions which were developed for good causes are now also used for powerful weapons to have been found have serious side effects. For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to prevent termites has now be found to be toxic to human life. Technology does not always bring good effects; for example, computers do much work faster than man, but then man loses his job to a machine. Because no man can guarantee that technology will have only good effects and will be used only for the benefit of man, we should delay the continued development of technology.

1. The text mainly tells us about ….
The advantage of technical progress in our world
The necessity to delay technical progress
The development of technical progress to fulfill human’s needs
The examples of negative impacts caused by technical progress
The postponement of technical progress due to negative impacts

2. Why should we postpone continuing development of technology?
Because it brings good effects and bad effects for us
Because human does not need it anymore
Because no one can promise that technology will be only used for prosperity
Because technology will create new innovation that gives benefit to us
Because technical progress helps our job

3. “For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to proscribe termites has now be found to be toxic to human life” What does the word "PROSCRIBE" mean?
prevent
authorize
allow
accept
enroll

The number of damaged roads linking Jakarta with West Java has certainly provoked complaints from locals and road users. Take for an example, the roads in Bekasi and Tangerang, which have been the focus of the media.
The poor condition of these roads not only jeopardizes road safety but also gives a squalid impression. Moreover, the condition will get worse when it rains. The roads are transformed into water pools or puddles, which can easily cause accidents if motorists are not careful. No wonder if some people question why there are so many damaged roads and why repairs do not seem to last long. The government should pay special attention to these problems.
In my opinion, the road should be repaired using the right sort of asphalt, stones an sand. Repairs should be done carefully so that the roads can be prevented from constant damage. Otherwise, the repairs would be useless.
Taken from : Jakarta Post, 2005

4. The main reason why local and road users complain about the poor condition of roads in Jakarta is ….
the roads become into water pools or puddles in rainy season
there is no attention from the government about the problem
it endangers road users when they pass into these roads
the damaged roads are repaired by the Government carelessly so they are easily broken
the repairs of the roads need more time to do

5. “The government should pay special attention to these problems.” What does the word "THESE" refer to?
The accidents occurred during rainy season
The worse conditions during the rainy season
The poor condition of the roads
The repair of the damaged roads
Complaints from locals and road users

6. What is the main idea of paragraph four?
Locals and road users complain to local government about damaged roads in Jakarta
Damaged roads endanger the road users
The writer suggests the government to repair the damaged roads carefully
There are some questions from people about action to repair the roads
Repair of the roads is useless

Nowadays, computers are widespread. They are useful, especially for children. As a computer application, the internet is very useful. There is more information on the internet than in the world’s biggest library.
Through the internet people can get friends all over the world. Although they have never seen each other, they get to know each other well. They can send e-mails to each other. The computer is like a door to the world! Computer gamers are also great fun! They’re better than TV. On TV you can watch a space ship, but in a computer game you fly it!
In my opinion it is necessary to equip children with computer to help them learning and having fun.

7. The text mainly tells about….
the use of the computers in the world
the benefits in using computers
the benefits in using computers to children
the advantage of the internet to children
the effort in overcoming computer problems

8. Why parents should provide children with computers?
They can train children with games
They give a lot of advantages
They are good invention
They acquire dozens of friends all over the world
They hardly look at computers for hours and hours

9. Based on the text, what is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?
The writer persuades parents to provide children with computers
The writer suggests the parents to give children computers
The writer doesn’t care about the using of computers
The writer thinks that computers are good innovation
The writer asks parents not to use computers

10. How is the computer very useful to the society?
Children spend less time to play with friends.
People can acquire more information easily.
Children can play many games in the computer.
They develop children characters through games
Computers gamers are very bad for children

Score =
Correct answers:

Latihan Soal Grammar Structure Bahasa Inggris

Latihan Soal Grammar Structure Bahasa Inggris

Ayunara Bahar 6 comments Bahasa Inggris

Pada tes bahasa Inggris untuk tes- tes untuk masuk sekolah tinggi negeri, sering kita temui tipe soal yang menguji kemampuan kita dalam grammar. Tipe soal grammar tersebut biasanya bertipe structure and written expression. ( Baca juga : Mengenal Soal structure and written expression dalam soal tes bahasa Inggris).

gambar ilustrasi tes

Keduanya ditujukan untuk menguji kemampuan anda dalam mengenali formal written English. Soal tipe seperti ini mengharuskan kita untuk memilih cara yang tepat dalam setiap kalimat yang dinyatakan dalam setiap pertanyaan. Oleh karena itu, penguasaan grammar yang baik menjadi modal awal dalam menjawab pertanyaan tipe ini.

Pada tulisan kali ini, saya akan menyajikan pembahasan singkat mengenai bentuk soal khusus untuk tipe structure ditambah latihan untuk memperdalam pemahaman anda. 

Tipe Structure

Tipe soal ini dibuat untuk mengukur kemampuan kita mengenali bahasa yang tepat dalam standar bahasa Inggris tertulis ( standard written English). Pertanyaan dalam soal structure merupakan soal incomplete sentence (kalimat rumpang), dengan pilihan jawaban (A), (B), (C), dan (D) yang berupa kata atau frase. Pilihlah salah satu kata atau frase yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut.   Beberapa tips yang bisa dicoba dalam menjawab pertanyaan structure adalah sebagai berikut :

• Baca kalimat secara keseluruhan, kemudian coba masukkan jawaban (A) dalam rumpang kalimat tersebut.
• Bila tidak benar, analisislah mengapa kalimat tersebut tidak benar.
• Bila pilihan jawaban (A) bukanlah jawaban yang benar, maka cobalah pada pilihan jawaban (B), (C) dan (D).
• Cobalah untuk mengingat pola atau rumus yang benar kalimat yang digunakan.

Berikut ini salah satu contoh pertanyaan pola structure yang saya kutip dari Buku Cliffs TOEFL Preparation Guide.  

I wish you would tell me ____

    (A) who is being lived next door

    (B) who does live in the next door

    (C) who lives next door

    (D) who next door was living

Pilihan jawaban (A) bisa langsung kita hilangkan karena penggunaan who tidak tepat dengan verbal structure-nya "is being lived". Untuk "A life" mungkin saja bisa diterapkan, namun untuk "a person" tidak cocok untuk diterapkan. "Live" biasanya tidak bertindak sebagai complement, oleh karena itu tidak bisa dijadikan kalimat pasif. Pada pilihan (B),  bukanlah jawaban yang benar, karena "does" dan "in the" tidak diperlukan dalam kalimat tersebut. Pilihan jawaban (C), merupakan pilihan yang benar, karena memenuhi syarat  "subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier), dan untuk pilihan jawaban (D), bukanlah pilihan yang benar karena tidak sesuai dengan aturan tersebut diatas (subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier)).

Berikut latihan soal tipe structure grammar untuk memperdalam penguasaan bentuk soal structure grammar anda. Langsung saja pilih jawaban yang paling benar dan skor akan tampil  saat anda selesai mengerjakan soal.

1. Where does your brother ... now?
he lives
work
live
works

2. Some of my friends ... Japanese course now.
take
takes
took
they take

3. The motorcycle has been ....
wash
washed
washing
washes

4. ... at 10 a.m yesterday?
sleep
was he sleeping
what is he doing
they are

5. Both Andre and Mary ... English.
learn
learns
learning
learnt

6. Would you like ... beer?
many
an
some
much

7. He might ... her next week.
meet
seen
saw
met

8. I am interested ... music.
to
in
on
with

9. She only has ... money.
a few
few
a little
many

10. The house ... last year will be sold by Mrs. Ida.
build
built
was built
being built

11. I want to know what ... are going to do.
she
her
they
your

12. One of the books ... mine.
is
are
were
have

13. While ... India, she called me.
was
she is
in
she

14. The woman ... I helped is my mother.
who
which
whom
whose

15. The coffee ... he made is very sweet.
what
which
who
whom

16. The ... lady lives next the door.
beautify
beautiful
beauty
beautifully

17. Jane is the ... girl in the class.
prettier
most pretty
beauty
prettiest

18. Mathematics ... easy to learn.
is
are
were
have been

19. I'd prefer English ... German
than study
to
than
to learn

20. Did she ... breakfast before she left for school?
has
have
had
ate

21. The students ... books are on the table are very diligent.
whom
who
which
whose

22. He doesn't live here and ... do they.
so
too
neither
either

23. Close the window, ... ?
will you
do you
did you
don't you

24. He ... last night when they arrived.
slept
was sleeping
sleeps
sleeping

25. I hope the different ethnic groups in this country will live together in ... co-existence.
peaceful
peace
nicely
peacefully

Score =
Correct answers:

Bila berhasil dan mendapatkan skor yang bagus, anda bisa melanjutkan ke latihan berikutnya melalui laman Latihan Soal Grammar Structure bagian II.
Semoga latihan diatas bermanfaat bagi sahabat semuanya. Jangan lupa tuliskan komentar dibawah untuk saran untuk kebaikan blog ini. 

Selamat belajar...

Latihan Soal Ujian Nasional (UN) Bahasa Inggris SMA Tahun 2018 (Reading)

Latihan Soal Ujian Nasional (UN) Bahasa Inggris SMA Tahun 2018 (Reading)

Ayunara Bahar Comment Bahasa Inggris Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMA UNBK SMA 2018

Soal reading dalam ujian Nasional bahasa Inggris mempunyai komposisi yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan tipe kompetensi lainnya yaitu listening. Dari 50 (lima puluh) soal yang diujikan, soal reading berjumlah 35 (tiga puluh lima) soal. Berdasarkan kisi- kisi yang dirilis oleh BSNP beberapa waktu lalu, cakupan materi yang merujuk pada teks reading yaitu teks fungsional pendek seperti invitation, announcement, pemberitahuan dan teks seperti descriptive, recount, narrative, procedure, report, exposition, biography, dan news item.

Ilustrasi mengerjakan tes CBT

Dalam jenjang SMA maupun MA, lingkup materi mencakup fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dengan disesuaikan dengan tiga tingkatan atau level kognitif yaitu pengetahuan dan pemahaman, aplikasi, dan penalaran. Oleh karena itu, soal- soal dalam reading teks dibuat sedemikian rupa sesuai dengan level kognitif tersebut diatas. 

Salah satu hal yang pertama mesti dipelajari dalam menjawab soal- soal reading adalah dengan mengenali tipe soal reading. (Baca juga : Mengenal sembilan tipe soal reading Ujian Nasional). Kemudian dilanjutkan latihan soal- soal teks reading sesuai kisi- kisi yang ada. 

Nah, untuk membantu anda khususnya adik- adik siswa SMA maupun MA dalam belajar, berikut ini akan saya sajikan latihan soal reading untuk menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun 2018. Jumlah soal dalam latihan ini 35 butir soal dan materi sudah saya sesuaikan dengan kisi- kisi Ujian Nasional bahasa Inggris tahun 2017/ 2018 yang dikeluarkan oleh BSNP.

Untuk mengerjakannya, baca pertanyaan dan pilihlah jawaban yang tepat dibawahnya. Skor nilai dan kunci jawaban akan muncul setelah adik- adik selesai mengerjakan soal. Bila bermanfaat, adik- adik bisa share ke teman- teman yang lain dan jangan lupa berikan komentar pada kolom dibawahnya.

Choose the correct answer!

To: All Television Viewers.
You have been watching the television reality show Indonesia Menyanyi all month and now it is your opportunity to make a historic vote. As you know, five contestants on this show have had to leave due to lack of singing talent or difficulties living with the other contestants of the show. But this week, two of those contestants will be given the opportunity to come back to the show and keep on fighting for their dream to win a recording contract with Istana Music. This is where you come in. By sending an SMS through number on your television screen during Saturday's show, you can vote for your favorite singer that has been forced to leave the show. You may also vote by email through Internet web page at http://www.Indonesiamenyanyi.com.
Remember, the fate and dreams of these singers are in your hands. We expect that over two million people will vote. Make your vote count, too!

1. The announcement is mostly concerned with ….
Television reality show
Recording contract
Television viewers’ vote
Vote count
Favorite singer

2. What is the vote program for?
To disqualify a contestant
To win the competition
To reinstate two contestants
To choose favorite singer
To get record contract

3. What is NOT true according to the text?
It is only two contestants that are given the opportunity to return to the show
The vote program is aimed to return two contestants eliminated by the reality show
The winner of the reality show will have a chance to contract with recording company
All television viewers may vote not only by an SMS but also by an email
The vote determines the winner of the television reality show Indonesia menyanyi

To the editor :
I read with great concern the report in your newspaper this morning about the plans of the Holbrook Manufacturing Company to build a factory in this city. The project has received strong support from the city council, based on their belief that Holbrook will bring a significant number of jobs to our area and boost the local economy. Apparently, they are blind to the reality. Holbrook is well-known for its innovative manufacturing methods, which are largely automated. Because of this, very little manual labor is required. Holbrook's system generally requires highly skilled technicians who would likely come here from other places to work at the factory. There will be few, if any, jobs for local citizens. What do we get in return for this? A large, unsightly building that will require the destruction of natural area and throw pollution into air and water. The city council must approve Holbrook's project before they begin construction of the factory. Holbrook's board of directors, eager to break ground on the project as early as early as next month, have urged the city council to move forward with their vote, and it will take place tomorrow night rather than two weeks from now, as originally planned. This gives even less time for council members to develop an informed opinion. I strongly urge them not to bow to the pressure of Holbrook and to vote against the proposed project.
Sincerely,
Henry Judson

4. Why did Henry Judson write the letter?
To analyze the economy
To report manufacturing methods
To describe source of pollution
To complaint a new factory
To explain the benefit of a new factory

5. When will the city council vote on the Holbrook project?
Next month
Two weeks from now
Tomorrow night
This evening
This morning

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
To avoid personal injury or properly damage, follow these safety instructions when using this product :
• Keep product away from heat sources and place it where air can circulate freely.
• Do not make any calls while standing in near water, such as batthub and swimming pool.
• Do not place furniture or other items on top of the power cord.
• Do not apply excess force when dialing. This could result in permanent damage to the buttons.
• Disconnect product from electrical outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners and do not immerse product in water. Instead, wipe thoroughly and gently with a damp cloth.
• Avoid using product during an electrical storm.
• If repair work is needed, contact the manufacturer at the phone number listed on the front cover of this manual.

6. What is the text about?
The instructions to use telephone safely
The instructions to avoid absolute damage of telephone
The instructions to disconnect telephone from electrical socket
The instructions to place telephone properly
The instructions to repair telephone

7. What do the instructions say about cleaning the product ?
Sink it in water
Scrub it hard
Unplug it first
Use liquid soap
Dip it in liquid cleaners

8. What should the customers do if repair is needed?
Look at the manual instructions
Wipe the product gently
Take apart the product
Send it back the product to the store
Call the manufacturer

Quake survivors evacuate to neighboring village, fear tsunami

Hundreds of earthquake survivors from six villages have taken refuge at Al Munawarah Mosque in Bie village, Meurah Dua district in Pidie Jaya regency, Aceh, after an earthquake hit the area early Wednesday morning. The shelter’s coordinator, Ramli M. Nafi, said several houses were severely damaged but no fatalities had occurred in the six villages in the district. They chose to take refuge in another village for fear of a tsunami like the that occurred in 2004. “We are staying here because my village is in poor condition. Water comes out from the cracked ground,” Ramli said as quoted by kompas.com, referring a common post-earthquake phenomenon known as liquefaction.
Thus far, the evacuees have received 10 sacks of rice and five boxes of instant noodles. “Those are from Meurah Dua Police chief. We also got further aid from businesspeople and Pidie councilors,” Ramli said.
They, however, had yet to receive any medical assistance as of Wednesday evening. A resident said they needed more solid food like fresh or salted fish.
The villagers were worried about the water coming out of the cracked ground because they thought it was a sign of an oncoming tsunami. The earthquake had also led to power outages in Pidie Jaya because it disrupted the electricity supply to the regency on Wednesday.


Taken from : www.thejakartapost.com

9. Why did the refugees choose another village to take shelter?
Because the shelter’s coordinator asked them to take refuge
Because they were worried of Tsunami like that happened in 2014
Because their village was extremely destroyed by earthquake
Because they need more supply from the government
Because they wanted better life

10. What can be inferred from the text?
The earthquake survivors have chosen to take refuge in another village for getting some help
The coordinator said that there was no damaged houses caused by the earthquake
The evacuees had received medical aids by Wednesday evening
The villagers thought that the water coming out from the ground was a sign of oncoming Tsunami
The Tsunami after the earthquake had caused blackout in Pidie Jaya

11. “The earthquake had also led to power outages in Pidie Jaya because …” The word "power outages" has closest meaning with ….
Blackout
Blaze
Flame
Inferno
Fire

Caribbean Islands is a chain of islands that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. They’re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption of ancient volcanoes. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.
The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.
There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. (Hispaniola is divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic.) These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. They are often called the Lesser Antilles. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers of exposed coral. You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.
The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.
But Life in the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. Violent hurricanes or volcanic eruptions can make the islands a very dangerous place to be. In the summer months, hurricanes can sweep in from the Atlantic Ocean, bringing destructive winds to the islands. The Caribbean Islands are a mix of many different cultures. The first people to live there were the native Taino and Carib Indians. Most people in the Caribbean speak Spanish, but French, Dutch, and English are widely used, too. Half the people work the land as farmers. Many still work on large sugarcane or coffee plantations. Other important crops include bananas, citrus fruits, cotton, and tobacco.

Taken from : Microsoft Encarta

12. What can be the best title for the text?
Carribean Sea
Carribean Islands
The beaches in Carribean Islands
The cultures in Carribean Islands
The beauty of Carribean Islands

13. Why do many tourists visit the Carribean islands each year?
The Carribean Islands have many volcanoes to watch
The Carribean Islands have many different cultures
The tourists can see pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed there
The Carribean Islands provide sandy beaches along the coast line
The tourists may bury treasure on many places in the Carribean islands

14. “They are often called the Lesser Antilles.” (paragraph 3) What does the underlined word refer to?
Four large islands in the Carribean Sea
The smaller islands in The Carribean Sea
The Greater Antilless
The Carribean Islands
Land area of the Carribean Islands

15. “Violent hurricanes or volcanic eruptions can make the islands a very dangerous place to be.” (paragraph 5). What is the antonym of word "violent"?
Vigorous
Savage
Ferocious
Mild
Thuggish

Like a lot of other ideas, chewing gum developed when an inventive person was trying to develop something else, In 1870, Thomas Adams was trying to create substance similar to rubber. He knew that, in the past, natives of Mexico had enjoyed chewing chicle, which was the gum of the sapodilla tree; he thought that his chicle might possibly be useful as a replacement for rubber. While he was working with it, he decided to try chewing it, just as had been done in Mexico. He enjoyed the sensation and decided that he should try selling it. Unfortunately, however, not many people bought it. He then improved the product by adding flavorings and sugar to it, and he gave out free samples until the product caught on. Though he never succeeded in his original search for a replacement for rubber, he became highly successful as a chewing gum producer.

Adapted text from : Longman Introductory Course, 2007

16. What is the main idea of the text above?
Chicle was generally chewed in Mexico
Thomas Adams was unsuccessful in inventing replacement of rubber
Natives of Mexico likes chewing chicle
Thomas Adams improved his invention by adding some flavors
Thomas Adams invented chewing gum by chance

17. In his search for a rubber substitute, Adams ….
Found the native rubber plant
Was very successful
Succeeded late in his life
Was desperated of his effort
Was not successful

18. Which of the following statement is NOT true about chicle?
Some people in Mexico like chewing it
It originates from a tree
It might be similar substance to replace rubber
Adams thought he might find a use for it
It is a fraction of rubber tree

Cuscus
The cuscus is a large marsupial native to the Northern forest of Australia and the large, tropical island of Papua New Guinea. The cuscus is known to range in size from just 15cm to more than 60cm in length, although the average sized cuscus tends to be around 45cm (18inches). The cuscus has small ears and large eyes which aid the cuscus through it's nocturnal lifestyle.
The cuscus is an arboreal mammal, and spends its life almost exclusively in the trees. The cuscus rests in the trees during the day, sleeping in the dense foliage and awakens at night to start moving through the trees in search of food. The cuscus is an omnivorous animal but the cuscus mainly eats leaves and fruits occasionally feasting on small birds and reptiles.
The cuscus is thought to breed throughout the year rather than having a strict breeding season. The mother cuscus gives birth to between 2 and 4 baby cuscus after a gestation period of just a couple of weeks. As with all marsupials, the female cuscus has a pouch on her tummy which the new born cuscus babies crawl into and stay until they are bigger, less vulnerable and able to start feeding themselves. Typically only one of the cuscus babies will survive and emerge from the pouch after 6 or 7 months.
The cuscus has a long and very strong prehensile tail which is naked (has no fur) at the end. This allows the cuscus to be able to grip onto the tree branches more easily when the cuscus is moving from tree to tree and resting during the day. The cuscus also has long, sharp claws which help the cuscus when it is moving around in the trees. The cuscus has thick, woolly fur which can be a variety of colours including brown, tan and white.
Source : http://a-z-animals.com/animals/cuscus/

19. What is true about Cuscus?
Cuscus spends almost of its life in the burrows
Cuscus has variety in colors such as tan, brown and white
Cuscus mainly consumes reptiles and small birds and sometimes eat fruits and leaves
Cuscus babies will survive and emerge from their mother as soon as they are born
Prehensile tail help Cuscus to swing from tree to tree

20. Cuscus is a nocturnal animal, it means that it ….
Spends its life exclusively in the trees
Sleeps during the day and begin searching for food during night
Has pouch where its babies stay
Has gestation period a couple of weeks
Lives In tropical islands

21. What does the third paragraph tell us about?
The origin of Cuscus
The characteristics of Cuscus
The habit of Cuscus
The way of Cuscus to breed
The colors of Cuscus

USE OF FORMALIN AND OTHER ADDITIVES IN FOOD

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been a serious for two reason. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimen and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human's body.
The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people's health is really in a threat. When the control is weak and the use of formalin is spread wide all over the Indonesian regions,and these days it has really happened, the citizens' bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?
Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a serious problem if it is not resolved immediately.
Adapted from : Ujian Nasional 2015

22. Why does the writer think that formalin is very dangerous for human beings?
Formalin is a 10 % solution of formaldehyde in water
The use of formalin has no tight control from the government
Formalin can be used as a disinfectant
Formalin is for biological specimen to human beings
Formalin is not for food preservative


23. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
Formalin is used for disinfectant for biological specimen
The use of formalin becomes a serious problem if it is not resolved
There are many products that contains formalin and dangerous preservatives
The use of formalin has not been controlled by the government tightly
Human’s digestive can absorb the substance contained formalin

24. What does the writer suggest based on the text above?
Food traders should sell their products contained formalin
Formalin is needed to make food more delicious
People should add formaldehyde in water
Food sellers are asked to spill formalin to food products
People should avoid eating food contained formalin

Levi Strauss was born in Buttenheim, Germany, on February 26, 1829, in the Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family. He was the son of Hirsch Strauss and his second wife Rebecca Strauss. At the age of 18, Strauss, his mother and two sisters traveled to the United States to join his brothers Jonas and Louis, who had begun a wholesale dry goods business in New York City called J. Strauss Brother & Co.
Levi's sister Fanny and her husband David Stern moved to St. Louis, Missouri, while Levi went to live in Louisville, Kentucky, and sold his brothers' supplies in Kentucky. In January 1853, Levi Strauss became an American citizen.
The family decided to open a West Coast branch of the family dry goods business in San Francisco, which was the commercial hub of the California Gold Rush. Levi was chosen to represent the family and he took a steamship for San Francisco, arriving in early March 1853, where he joined his sister's family. Strauss opened his dry goods wholesale business as Levi Strauss & Co. and imported fine dry goods—clothing, bedding, combs, purses, handkerchiefs—from his brothers in New York. He made tents, and later jeans. Levi lived with Fanny's growing family.
Jacob Davis, one of Strauss's customers and one of the inventors of riveted denim pants in 1871, went into business with Strauss to produce blue jeans. The two men patented the new style of work pants in 1873.
Levi Strauss died on September 26, 1902, in San Francisco at the age of 73. He never married, and left the business to his four nephews, Jacob, Sigmund, Louis, and Abraham Stern, the sons of his sister Fanny and her husband David Stern. He also left bequests to a number of charities, such as the Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. Before his death, he had also established scholarships at the University of California Berkeley (Levi Strauss Scholarships). Levi's fortune was estimated to be around $6 million ($164 million in 2014 dollars). He was buried in Colma, California.

Adapted from : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Strauss.

25. The text is mainly talking about ….
The success of Levi Strauss in producing pants
The Levi Strauss’s important events
The Levi Strauss’s business
The history of Levi Strauss & Co
The death of Levi Strauss

26. We can conclude from the text that ….
Strauss once lived in Italy
Strauss began his dry goods business in New York City as J. Strauss Brother & Co
Strauss inherited his business from his parents
Levi Strauss & Co was a wholesale business that imported clothing, bedding, combs, purses, and furniture
Strauss had set up Levi Strauss Scholarship at University of Berkeley before his death

27. “He also left bequests to a number of charities, such as the Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum” (last paragraph)
What does the word "he" refer to? .
Jacob Davis
Levi Strauss
Abraham Stern
David Stern
Sigmund Louis

Most people picture sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation. There are numerous fallacies, however, in this conception of sharks.
First, there are about 350 species of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in size from the dwarf shark, which can be only 6 inches (5 feet) long and can be held in the palm of the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 55 feet long. A second fallacy concerns the number and type of teeth, which can vary tremendously among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven sets of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the fierce and predatory species to do possess extremely sharp and brutal teeth used to rip the prey apart; many other types of shark, however, have teeth more adapted to grabbing and holding than cutting and slashing.
Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to strike out human on the least whim. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of sharks have been known to attack humans, and a shark needs to be provoked in order to attack. The types of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no known instances of attacks on human.

28. What is the text about?
The different kinds of sharks throughout the world
The characteristic of shark teeth
The danger posed by shark
The misconception about sharks
The size of predator shark

29. What is NOT true about shark’s teeth?
All sharks have very sharp and brutal teeth
A shark can have hundreds of teeth
A shark can have a six rows of teeth
Shark teeth have different number and type that can vary among the different species
The predatory species of shark use teeth to rip their prey separately

30. “It is true that the fierce and predatory species …” What is the opposite meaning of the word "fierce"?
Savage
Aggressive
Ferocious
Forceful
Gentle

1. I ducked down, pushed between two men and ran for the river
2. The water was icy, but I stayed under until I thought my lungs would burst
3. There was shots as I ran
4. The minute I came up I took a breath and plunged down again
5. Staying submerged was only too easy with so much clothing and my heavily studded army boots

31. The correct order is ….
3 – 1 – 4 – 2 – 5
3 – 1 – 2 – 4 – 5
3 – 2 – 4 – 1 – 5
2 – 4 – 3 – 1 – 5
2 – 4 – 1 – 3 – 5

1. Wait for 45 minutes, remove it from the freezer and stir it powerfully with a spatula or whisk.
2. Prepare your ice cream mixture, then chill it over an ice bath.
3. Continue to check the mixture every 30 minutes, stirring vigorously as it’s freezing.
4. Pour your custard mixture in a deep baking dish and put in the freezer.
5. Keep checking and stirring until the ice cream is frozen.
6. Finally, transfer the ice cream to a covered storage container until ready to serve.

32. The correct order is ….
2 – 4 – 1- 6 – 5 - 3
2 – 4 - 1 – 3 – 5 - 6
2 – 4 – 1 -5 – 3 – 6
2 – 3 – 4 – 1 – 5 – 6
2 – 4 – 1 – 5 – 6 - 3

The two brothers and the white-bearded old man

Once upon a time there were two brothers. They decided to start travelling around the world to to search for happiness. Along the way they met a/ an (33) … man with white beard. He stopped and asked the boys where they move towards. He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a handful of golden coins. "I want to help you, which one of you want these?" he asked.
Immediately, The big brother replied that he wanted them all. Then The old man hand in his other pocket again and pulled out a precious stone, shining like the sun, and asked again, "Which one of you want to have the stone?”
"I want it." The big brother answered (34) … . And finally the old man gave him the stone.
After giving him the precious stone, the old man put down the sack he was carrying on his back and said to the brothers, "Now who is going to help me bring this sack to the village?"
But the big brother said nothing. On the other hand the little brother pulled up his sleeves and bended down to help him. The old man smiled and said, "Take it with you, my boy, along with everything that is inside."
But the little brother refused and said, "No it's not mine."
" Take it, take it." said the old man. "It's my gift (35) … you."
The little brother opened the sack. And what did his eyes see? The bag was filled with precious stones. He stood up to thank the old man, but he was nowhere to be found.

Adapted from : www.worldoftales.com

33.
kind
happy
old
nice
passionate

34.
repeteadly
slowly
quickly
carefully
carelessly

35.
on
of
into
with
to
Score =
Correct answers: