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Cara Mengubah Adverb Clause menjadi Modifying Phrases

Cara Mengubah Adverb Clause menjadi Modifying Phrases

Adverbial clause merupakan klausa (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) , untuk menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial clauses biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan arti atau maksud dari clause connectors yang menyertainya. Seperti halnya adjective clause menjadi modifying phrases, Adverb clause juga bisa diubah menjadi modifying phrases dengan dipersingkat atau direduksi. 

Contoh :
  • Adverb Clause : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
  • Modifying Phrase : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
  • Adverb Clause : Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
  • Modifying phrase : Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.

Soal- soal dengan bentuk ini juga sering muncul pada uji materi grammar bahasa Inggris. Untuk lebih jelasnya, bisa dilihat pada contoh soal berikut ini,
When ... , you are free  to leave.
(A) the finished report
(B) finished with the report
(C) the report
(D) is the report finished

atau pada soal,

Until ... incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the insides of white dwarfs were uniform.
(A) they
(B) their proof
(C) the astronomers recently proven
(D) recently proven
Dalam bahasa Inggris, beberapa adverb clauses bisa diubah menjadi modifying phrases yaitu dengan mereduksi bentuknya. Salah satu syarat yang paling penting dalam mereduksi adverb clause menjadi sebuah modifying phrases adalah hanya ketika subjek pada adverb clause dan subjek pada klausa utama itu sama. 

Contoh :
  • Since  I came here, I have learned a lot of English.
menjadi
  • Since coming here, I have learned a lot of English.
Bila subjek pada adverbial clause dan subjek pada klausa utama itu berbeda, maka tidak akan ada perubahan dari bentuk adverbial clause menjadi modifying phrase. Perhatikan pada kata atau frase yang dicetak tebal pada contoh dibawah.

Contoh :
  • While I was watching TV last night, the telephone rang.
  • Before the students came to class, the teacher had already given a quiz.
Adapun cara untuk mereduksi adverb clause menjadi modifying clause adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Hilangkan subjek dari dependent clause  dan bentuk be dari kata kerja.
Contoh :
  • Adverb Clause: While I was living in Bali last year, I learned many things about Balinese customs.
  • Modifying Phrase: While living in Bali last year, I learned many things about Balinese customs.
2. Bila dalam kalimat tidak ada bentuk "be", maka hilangkan subjek dan tambahkan kata kerjanya dengan -ing.
Contoh :
  • Adverb Clause: You should always read a contract before you sign your name.
  • Modifying Phrase: You should always read a contract before signing your name.


Note :
Perlu diketahui bahwa tidak semua adverb clause bisa direduksi menjadi modifying phrases. Beberapa adverb clauses dengan clause connectors tertentu hanya bisa mengalami reduksi bila kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk pasif.

Contoh :
  • Once you submit your thesis, you will graduate. (bentuk aktif - tidak mengalami perubahan)
  • Once purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned. (bentuk pasif - mengalami perubahan)
Berikut tabel clause connectors yang bisa mengalami reduksi bentuk adverb clause menjadi modifying phrases.


Selamat belajar.

Referensi: 

  • Azar, Betty S, Understanding and Using English Grammar,Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,1989
  • Phillips, Deborah, Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test, Pearson Education, New York,2001
  
Pembahasan, Contoh dan Latihan Soal  Exposition Text

Pembahasan, Contoh dan Latihan Soal Exposition Text

Exposition text merupakan salah satu dari macam teks bahasa Inggris yang disebutkan sebagai salah satu materi teks dalam kisi- kisi soal Ujian Nasional SMA beberapa waktu lalu. Sebenarnya teks ini sering kita temukan dalam kehidupan sehari- hari seperti artikel majalah atau koran. Teks ini menyodorkan pendapat/ ide/ pandangan/ argumen penulis akan suatu perkara/ topik / permasalahan / fenomena misalnya saja ketidaksetujuan akan merokok, membuang sampah industri sembarangan, penggunaan internet sehat atau bahkan imbauan untuk berperilaku hidup sehat.
sumber foto: www.photopin.com
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada dua jenis teks exposition yaitu analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition.  Analytical exposition merupakan teks yang menyodorkan  suatu pendapat/ opini/ pendapat  bahwa suatu topik atau fenomena harus mendapat suatu perhatian, penjelasan dan uraian. Dalam hal ini penulis berusaha membujuk pembaca untuk memiliki sikap pro kontra terhadap sesuatu. Sedangkan hortatory exposition, penulis menyodorkan ide/ opini/ pendapat untuk mempengaruhi/ membujuk pembaca  untuk memiliki sikap pro dan kontra terhadap sesuatu.

Kedua jenis teks tersebut memiliki kesamaan atau bahkan bila dilihat sekilas hampir sama, yang membedakan adalah pada bagian conclusion-nya saja yaitu pada analytical exposition menggunakan reiteration dan pada hortatory menggunakan recommendation.

Teks analytical exposition seringkali dikenal dengan istilah argumentative, sementara hortatory exposition dikenal dengan istilah persuasive. Untuk lebih jelas tentang perbedaan generic structure dari kedua teks exposition, anda bisa melihat pada tabel berikut,

Analytical Exposition
Hortatory exposition
  • Thesis, pernyataan pendapat penulis akan suatu kasus atau fenomena
  • Argument, terdiri dari point atau inti masalah atau hal yang menjadi pokok inti masalah
  • Reiteration, penguatan pernyataan



  • Thesis, pernyataan pendapat penulis akan suatu kasus/ fenomena atau isu hal yang dipersoalkan
  • Argument, alasan terhadap thesis atau pernyataan yang disampaikan
  • Recommendation, Pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya sesuatu itu dilakukan

Dan untuk unsur kebahasaannya adalah sebagai berikut kut

Analytical exposition
Hortatory exposition
  • General noun, misalnya pollution, car
  • Abstract noun, misalnya government, policy
  • Jargon, misalnya species, mammal, etc
  • Modals, misalnya must, should, etc.
  • Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya significant, necessary
  • Kalimat pasif
  • Abstract noun, misalnya government, policy
  • Jargon, misalnya species, mammals
  • Modals, misalnya must, should, etc
  • Thinking verb, misalnya believe, think,
  • Kalimat pasif
  • Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya significant, necessary

Berikut merupakan contoh dari teks analytical exposition

       English is the most important language in the world. It is the language spoken at United Nations; It is also the official language in diplomacy. In addition, English is useful in many occupations. For example, air traffic controllers all over the world  must be able to speak English. Since English is so important, it is compulsory subject in any level of school in Indonesia.

Dan untuk contoh teks hortatory exposition
    Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress in our world  has caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical progress in previous  years has  been helpful, recent technology has significantly increased pollution. Another reason  to stop technical progress is  that many inventions  which were developed for good causes are now  also used  for powerful weapons or have been found  to have serious side effects.
     Because  no man can guarantee that technology that technology  will have  only good effects and will be used only the benefit of man, we should delay the continued program development of technology. 
Soal -Soal Teks Exposition
Dalam soal ujian memang tidak disebutkan secara detail penggolongan teks exposition baik hortatory maupun analytical. Pada intinya, teks tersebut menyodorkan pendapat/ ide/ pandangan/ argumen penulis akan suatu perkara/ topik / permasalahan / fenomena dalam satu sudut pandang sehingga pembaca diarahkan untuk dibujuk terhadap apa yang disampaikan oleh penulis tentang hal- hal yang disodorkan. 

Biasanya, soal- soal exposition text berkisar yaitu menentukan gambaran umum, menemukan informasi tertentu, menentukan pikiran utama paragraf, menentukan informasi rinci baik tersirat maupun tersurat,serta menentukan makna kata seperti persamaan dan lawan kata

Untuk lebih jelas, berikut ini saya berikan contoh soal teks exposition. Teks ini saya sitat dari soal Ujian Nasional SMA tahun 2008 yang lalu.

Do you want to buy a mobile phone? Don't be hasty. There are many things to consider. Be reasonable before making a decision.
First, you can start by asking yourself the usefulness of the equipment. The question might be , " Do I want it for a prestige or its usefulness?"
Then you should make a choice be the type of mobile phone. There are various choices in the market, so you should decide the one that meets your needs and whether you can afford it or not.
The consequence of using a mobile phone is its high  operational costs. You have to pay more for a mobile  phone compared to a fixed telephone. Therefore you should only use the mobile phone only for important talks.
                                                                                         Text Taken from: Soal UN 2008
Number 1
What is the text about?
A. The various type of mobile phone
B. The benefits of using a mobile phone
C. The effects of using a mobile phone
D. Things to consider before buying mobile phone
E. The description of a new mobile phone

Number 2
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Having mobile phone is a must
B. We should only use mobile phone for chatting
C. Buying a mobile phone is only for prestige
D. It is advisable to use a mobile phone only for important talks
E. Using mobile phone needs low budget

Sebagai bahan latihan, berikut soal exposition text yang bisa anda kerjakan secara online. Ada sepuluh butir soal yang bisa anda kerjakan. Bila berguna dan bermanfaat, jangan lupa untuk berbagi ke teman- teman yang lain.
Oke, Check this out...




Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress in our world has caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical progress in previous years has been helpful, recent technology has significantly increased pollution. Another reason to stop technical progress is that many inventions which were developed for good causes are now also used for powerful weapons to have been found have serious side effects. For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to prevent termites has now be found to be toxic to human life. Technology does not always bring good effects; for example, computers do much work faster than man, but then man loses his job to a machine. Because no man can guarantee that technology will have only good effects and will be used only for the benefit of man, we should delay the continued development of technology.

1. The text mainly tells us about ….
The advantage of technical progress in our world
The necessity to delay technical progress
The development of technical progress to fulfill human’s needs
The examples of negative impacts caused by technical progress
The postponement of technical progress due to negative impacts

2. Why should we postpone continuing development of technology?
Because it brings good effects and bad effects for us
Because human does not need it anymore
Because no one can promise that technology will be only used for prosperity
Because technology will create new innovation that gives benefit to us
Because technical progress helps our job

3. “For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to proscribe termites has now be found to be toxic to human life” What does the word "PROSCRIBE" mean?
prevent
authorize
allow
accept
enroll

The number of damaged roads linking Jakarta with West Java has certainly provoked complaints from locals and road users. Take for an example, the roads in Bekasi and Tangerang, which have been the focus of the media.
The poor condition of these roads not only jeopardizes road safety but also gives a squalid impression. Moreover, the condition will get worse when it rains. The roads are transformed into water pools or puddles, which can easily cause accidents if motorists are not careful. No wonder if some people question why there are so many damaged roads and why repairs do not seem to last long. The government should pay special attention to these problems.
In my opinion, the road should be repaired using the right sort of asphalt, stones an sand. Repairs should be done carefully so that the roads can be prevented from constant damage. Otherwise, the repairs would be useless.
Taken from : Jakarta Post, 2005

4. The main reason why local and road users complain about the poor condition of roads in Jakarta is ….
the roads become into water pools or puddles in rainy season
there is no attention from the government about the problem
it endangers road users when they pass into these roads
the damaged roads are repaired by the Government carelessly so they are easily broken
the repairs of the roads need more time to do

5. “The government should pay special attention to these problems.” What does the word "THESE" refer to?
The accidents occurred during rainy season
The worse conditions during the rainy season
The poor condition of the roads
The repair of the damaged roads
Complaints from locals and road users

6. What is the main idea of paragraph four?
Locals and road users complain to local government about damaged roads in Jakarta
Damaged roads endanger the road users
The writer suggests the government to repair the damaged roads carefully
There are some questions from people about action to repair the roads
Repair of the roads is useless


Nowadays, computers are widespread. They are useful, especially for children. As a computer application, the internet is very useful. There is more information on the internet than in the world’s biggest library.
Through the internet people can get friends all over the world. Although they have never seen each other, they get to know each other well. They can send e-mails to each other. The computer is like a door to the world! Computer gamers are also great fun! They’re better than TV. On TV you can watch a space ship, but in a computer game you fly it!
In my opinion it is necessary to equip children with computer to help them learning and having fun.
7. The text mainly tells about….
the use of the computers in the world
the benefits in using computers
the benefits in using computers to children
the advantage of the internet to children
the effort in overcoming computer problems

8. Why parents should provide children with computers?
They can train children with games
They give a lot of advantages
They are good invention
They acquire dozens of friends all over the world
They hardly look at computers for hours and hours

9. Based on the text, what is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?
The writer persuades parents to provide children with computers
The writer suggests the parents to give children computers
The writer doesn’t care about the using of computers
The writer thinks that computers are good innovation
The writer asks parents not to use computers

10. How is the computer very useful to the society?
Children spend less time to play with friends.
People can acquire more information easily.
Children can play many games in the computer.
They develop children characters through games
Computers gamers are very bad for children

Score =
Correct answers:
Latihan Soal Grammar Structure Bahasa Inggris

Latihan Soal Grammar Structure Bahasa Inggris

Pada tes bahasa Inggris untuk tes- tes untuk masuk sekolah tinggi negeri, sering kita temui tipe soal yang menguji kemampuan kita dalam grammar. Tipe soal grammar tersebut biasanya bertipe structure and written expression. ( Baca juga : Mengenal Soal structure and written expression dalam soal tes bahasa Inggris).
gambar ilustrasi tes

Keduanya ditujukan untuk menguji kemampuan anda dalam mengenali formal written English. Soal tipe seperti ini mengharuskan kita untuk memilih cara yang tepat dalam setiap kalimat yang dinyatakan dalam setiap pertanyaan. Oleh karena itu, penguasaan grammar yang baik menjadi modal awal dalam menjawab pertanyaan tipe ini.

Pada tulisan kali ini, saya akan menyajikan pembahasan singkat mengenai bentuk soal khusus untuk tipe structure ditambah latihan untuk memperdalam pemahaman anda. 

Tipe Structure
Tipe soal ini dibuat untuk mengukur kemampuan kita mengenali bahasa yang tepat dalam standar bahasa Inggris tertulis ( standard written English). Pertanyaan dalam soal structure merupakan soal incomplete sentence (kalimat rumpang), dengan pilihan jawaban (A), (B), (C), dan (D) yang berupa kata atau frase. Pilihlah salah satu kata atau frase yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut.   Beberapa tips yang bisa dicoba dalam menjawab pertanyaan structure adalah sebagai berikut :
  • Baca kalimat secara keseluruhan, kemudian coba masukkan jawaban (A) dalam rumpang kalimat tersebut.
  • Bila tidak benar, analisislah mengapa kalimat tersebut tidak benar.
  • Bila pilihan jawaban (A) bukanlah jawaban yang benar, maka cobalah pada pilihan jawaban (B), (C) dan (D).
  • Cobalah untuk mengingat pola atau rumus yang benar kalimat yang digunakan.
Berikut ini salah satu contoh pertanyaan pola structure yang saya kutip dari Buku Cliffs TOEFL Preparation Guide.  

I wish you would tell me ____
    (A) who is being lived next door
    (B) who does live in the next door
    (C) who lives next door
    (D) who next door was living

Pilihan jawaban (A) bisa langsung kita hilangkan karena penggunaan who tidak tepat dengan verbal structure-nya "is being lived". Untuk "A life" mungkin saja bisa diterapkan, namun untuk "a person" tidak cocok untuk diterapkan. "Live" biasanya tidak bertindak sebagai complement, oleh karena itu tidak bisa dijadikan kalimat pasif. Pada pilihan (B),  bukanlah jawaban yang benar, karena "does" dan "in the" tidak diperlukan dalam kalimat tersebut. Pilihan jawaban (C), merupakan pilihan yang benar, karena memenuhi syarat  "subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier), dan untuk pilihan jawaban (D), bukanlah pilihan yang benar karena tidak sesuai dengan aturan tersebut diatas (subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier)).
Berikut latihan soal tipe structure grammar untuk memperdalam penguasaan bentuk soal structure grammar anda. Langsung saja pilih jawaban yang paling benar dan skor akan tampil  saat anda selesai mengerjakan soal.

1. Where does your brother ... now?
he lives
work
live
works

2. Some of my friends ... Japanese course now.
take
takes
took
they take

3. The motorcycle has been ....
wash
washed
washing
washes

4. ... at 10 a.m yesterday?
sleep
was he sleeping
what is he doing
they are

5. Both Andre and Mary ... English.
learn
learns
learning
learnt

6. Would you like ... beer?
many
an
some
much

7. He might ... her next week.
meet
seen
saw
met

8. I am interested ... music.
to
in
on
with

9. She only has ... money.
a few
few
a little
many

10. The house ... last year will be sold by Mrs. Ida.
build
built
was built
being built

11. I want to know what ... are going to do.
she
her
they
your

12. One of the books ... mine.
is
are
were
have

13. While ... India, she called me.
was
she is
in
she

14. The woman ... I helped is my mother.
who
which
whom
whose

15. The coffee ... he made is very sweet.
what
which
who
whom

16. The ... lady lives next the door.
beautify
beautiful
beauty
beautifully

17. Jane is the ... girl in the class.
prettier
most pretty
beauty
prettiest

18. Mathematics ... easy to learn.
is
are
were
have been

19. I'd prefer English ... German
than study
to
than
to learn

20. Did she ... breakfast before she left for school?
has
have
had
ate

21. The students ... books are on the table are very diligent.
whom
who
which
whose

22. He doesn't live here and ... do they.
so
too
neither
either

23. Close the window, ... ?
will you
do you
did you
don't you

24. He ... last night when they arrived.
slept
was sleeping
sleeps
sleeping

25. I hope the different ethnic groups in this country will live together in ... co-existence.
peaceful
peace
nicely
peacefully

Score =
Correct answers:

Bila berhasil dan mendapatkan skor yang bagus, anda bisa melanjutkan ke latihan berikutnya melalui laman Latihan Soal Grammar Structure bagian II.
Semoga latihan diatas bermanfaat bagi sahabat semuanya. Jangan lupa tuliskan komentar dibawah untuk saran untuk kebaikan blog ini. 
Selamat belajar...



Latihan Soal Ujian Nasional (UN)  Bahasa Inggris SMA Tahun 2018  (Reading)

Latihan Soal Ujian Nasional (UN) Bahasa Inggris SMA Tahun 2018 (Reading)

Soal reading dalam ujian Nasional bahasa Inggris mempunyai komposisi yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan tipe kompetensi lainnya yaitu listening. Dari 50 (lima puluh) soal yang diujikan, soal reading berjumlah 35 (tiga puluh lima) soal. Berdasarkan kisi- kisi yang dirilis oleh BSNP beberapa waktu lalu, cakupan materi yang merujuk pada teks reading yaitu teks fungsional pendek seperti invitation, announcement, pemberitahuan dan teks seperti descriptive, recount, narrative, procedure, report, exposition, biography, dan news item.
www.ahzaa.net
Ilustrasi mengerjakan tes CBT

Dalam jenjang SMA maupun MA, lingkup materi mencakup fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan dengan disesuaikan dengan tiga tingkatan atau level kognitif yaitu pengetahuan dan pemahaman, aplikasi, dan penalaran. Oleh karena itu, soal- soal dalam reading teks dibuat sedemikian rupa sesuai dengan level kognitif tersebut diatas. 

Salah satu hal yang pertama mesti dipelajari dalam menjawab soal- soal reading adalah dengan mengenali tipe soal reading. (Baca juga : Mengenal sembilan tipe soal reading Ujian Nasional). Kemudian dilanjutkan latihan soal- soal teks reading sesuai kisi- kisi yang ada. 

Nah, untuk membantu anda khususnya adik- adik siswa SMA maupun MA dalam belajar, berikut ini akan saya sajikan latihan soal reading untuk menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun 2018. Jumlah soal dalam latihan ini 35 butir soal dan materi sudah saya sesuaikan dengan kisi- kisi Ujian Nasional bahasa Inggris tahun 2017/ 2018 yang dikeluarkan oleh BSNP.

Untuk mengerjakannya, baca pertanyaan dan pilihlah jawaban yang tepat dibawahnya. Skor nilai dan kunci jawaban akan muncul setelah adik- adik selesai mengerjakan soal. Bila bermanfaat, adik- adik bisa share ke teman- teman yang lain dan jangan lupa berikan komentar pada kolom dibawahnya.

Choose the correct answer!
To: All Television Viewers.
You have been watching the television reality show Indonesia Menyanyi all month and now it is your opportunity to make a historic vote. As you know, five contestants on this show have had to leave due to lack of singing talent or difficulties living with the other contestants of the show. But this week, two of those contestants will be given the opportunity to come back to the show and keep on fighting for their dream to win a recording contract with Istana Music. This is where you come in. By sending an SMS through number on your television screen during Saturday's show, you can vote for your favorite singer that has been forced to leave the show. You may also vote by email through Internet web page at http://www.Indonesiamenyanyi.com.
Remember, the fate and dreams of these singers are in your hands. We expect that over two million people will vote. Make your vote count, too!

1. The announcement is mostly concerned with ….
Television reality show
Recording contract
Television viewers’ vote
Vote count
Favorite singer

2. What is the vote program for?
To disqualify a contestant
To win the competition
To reinstate two contestants
To choose favorite singer
To get record contract

3. What is NOT true according to the text?
It is only two contestants that are given the opportunity to return to the show
The vote program is aimed to return two contestants eliminated by the reality show
The winner of the reality show will have a chance to contract with recording company
All television viewers may vote not only by an SMS but also by an email
The vote determines the winner of the television reality show Indonesia menyanyi

To the editor :
I read with great concern the report in your newspaper this morning about the plans of the Holbrook Manufacturing Company to build a factory in this city. The project has received strong support from the city council, based on their belief that Holbrook will bring a significant number of jobs to our area and boost the local economy. Apparently, they are blind to the reality. Holbrook is well-known for its innovative manufacturing methods, which are largely automated. Because of this, very little manual labor is required. Holbrook's system generally requires highly skilled technicians who would likely come here from other places to work at the factory. There will be few, if any, jobs for local citizens. What do we get in return for this? A large, unsightly building that will require the destruction of natural area and throw pollution into air and water. The city council must approve Holbrook's project before they begin construction of the factory. Holbrook's board of directors, eager to break ground on the project as early as early as next month, have urged the city council to move forward with their vote, and it will take place tomorrow night rather than two weeks from now, as originally planned. This gives even less time for council members to develop an informed opinion. I strongly urge them not to bow to the pressure of Holbrook and to vote against the proposed project.
Sincerely,
Henry Judson

4. Why did Henry Judson write the letter?
To analyze the economy
To report manufacturing methods
To describe source of pollution
To complaint a new factory
To explain the benefit of a new factory

5. When will the city council vote on the Holbrook project?
Next month
Two weeks from now
Tomorrow night
This evening
This morning

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
To avoid personal injury or properly damage, follow these safety instructions when using this product :
• Keep product away from heat sources and place it where air can circulate freely.
• Do not make any calls while standing in near water, such as batthub and swimming pool.
• Do not place furniture or other items on top of the power cord.
• Do not apply excess force when dialing. This could result in permanent damage to the buttons.
• Disconnect product from electrical outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners and do not immerse product in water. Instead, wipe thoroughly and gently with a damp cloth.
• Avoid using product during an electrical storm.
• If repair work is needed, contact the manufacturer at the phone number listed on the front cover of this manual.

6. What is the text about?
The instructions to use telephone safely
The instructions to avoid absolute damage of telephone
The instructions to disconnect telephone from electrical socket
The instructions to place telephone properly
The instructions to repair telephone

7. What do the instructions say about cleaning the product ?
Sink it in water
Scrub it hard
Unplug it first
Use liquid soap
Dip it in liquid cleaners

8. What should the customers do if repair is needed?
Look at the manual instructions
Wipe the product gently
Take apart the product
Send it back the product to the store
Call the manufacturer

Quake survivors evacuate to neighboring village, fear tsunami

Hundreds of earthquake survivors from six villages have taken refuge at Al Munawarah Mosque in Bie village, Meurah Dua district in Pidie Jaya regency, Aceh, after an earthquake hit the area early Wednesday morning. The shelter’s coordinator, Ramli M. Nafi, said several houses were severely damaged but no fatalities had occurred in the six villages in the district. They chose to take refuge in another village for fear of a tsunami like the that occurred in 2004. “We are staying here because my village is in poor condition. Water comes out from the cracked ground,” Ramli said as quoted by kompas.com, referring a common post-earthquake phenomenon known as liquefaction.
Thus far, the evacuees have received 10 sacks of rice and five boxes of instant noodles. “Those are from Meurah Dua Police chief. We also got further aid from businesspeople and Pidie councilors,” Ramli said.
They, however, had yet to receive any medical assistance as of Wednesday evening. A resident said they needed more solid food like fresh or salted fish.
The villagers were worried about the water coming out of the cracked ground because they thought it was a sign of an oncoming tsunami. The earthquake had also led to power outages in Pidie Jaya because it disrupted the electricity supply to the regency on Wednesday.


Taken from : www.thejakartapost.com

9. Why did the refugees choose another village to take shelter?
Because the shelter’s coordinator asked them to take refuge
Because they were worried of Tsunami like that happened in 2014
Because their village was extremely destroyed by earthquake
Because they need more supply from the government
Because they wanted better life

10. What can be inferred from the text?
The earthquake survivors have chosen to take refuge in another village for getting some help
The coordinator said that there was no damaged houses caused by the earthquake
The evacuees had received medical aids by Wednesday evening
The villagers thought that the water coming out from the ground was a sign of oncoming Tsunami
The Tsunami after the earthquake had caused blackout in Pidie Jaya

11. “The earthquake had also led to power outages in Pidie Jaya because …” The word "power outages" has closest meaning with ….
Blackout
Blaze
Flame
Inferno
Fire


Caribbean Islands is a chain of islands that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. They’re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption of ancient volcanoes. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.
The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.
There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. (Hispaniola is divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic.) These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. They are often called the Lesser Antilles. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers of exposed coral. You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.
The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.
But Life in the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. Violent hurricanes or volcanic eruptions can make the islands a very dangerous place to be. In the summer months, hurricanes can sweep in from the Atlantic Ocean, bringing destructive winds to the islands. The Caribbean Islands are a mix of many different cultures. The first people to live there were the native Taino and Carib Indians. Most people in the Caribbean speak Spanish, but French, Dutch, and English are widely used, too. Half the people work the land as farmers. Many still work on large sugarcane or coffee plantations. Other important crops include bananas, citrus fruits, cotton, and tobacco.

Taken from : Microsoft Encarta

12. What can be the best title for the text?
Carribean Sea
Carribean Islands
The beaches in Carribean Islands
The cultures in Carribean Islands
The beauty of Carribean Islands

13. Why do many tourists visit the Carribean islands each year?
The Carribean Islands have many volcanoes to watch
The Carribean Islands have many different cultures
The tourists can see pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed there
The Carribean Islands provide sandy beaches along the coast line
The tourists may bury treasure on many places in the Carribean islands

14. “They are often called the Lesser Antilles.” (paragraph 3) What does the underlined word refer to?
Four large islands in the Carribean Sea
The smaller islands in The Carribean Sea
The Greater Antilless
The Carribean Islands
Land area of the Carribean Islands

15. “Violent hurricanes or volcanic eruptions can make the islands a very dangerous place to be.” (paragraph 5). What is the antonym of word "violent"?
Vigorous
Savage
Ferocious
Mild
Thuggish

Like a lot of other ideas, chewing gum developed when an inventive person was trying to develop something else, In 1870, Thomas Adams was trying to create substance similar to rubber. He knew that, in the past, natives of Mexico had enjoyed chewing chicle, which was the gum of the sapodilla tree; he thought that his chicle might possibly be useful as a replacement for rubber. While he was working with it, he decided to try chewing it, just as had been done in Mexico. He enjoyed the sensation and decided that he should try selling it. Unfortunately, however, not many people bought it. He then improved the product by adding flavorings and sugar to it, and he gave out free samples until the product caught on. Though he never succeeded in his original search for a replacement for rubber, he became highly successful as a chewing gum producer.

Adapted text from : Longman Introductory Course, 2007

16. What is the main idea of the text above?
Chicle was generally chewed in Mexico
Thomas Adams was unsuccessful in inventing replacement of rubber
Natives of Mexico likes chewing chicle
Thomas Adams improved his invention by adding some flavors
Thomas Adams invented chewing gum by chance

17. In his search for a rubber substitute, Adams ….
Found the native rubber plant
Was very successful
Succeeded late in his life
Was desperated of his effort
Was not successful

18. Which of the following statement is NOT true about chicle?
Some people in Mexico like chewing it
It originates from a tree
It might be similar substance to replace rubber
Adams thought he might find a use for it
It is a fraction of rubber tree

Cuscus
The cuscus is a large marsupial native to the Northern forest of Australia and the large, tropical island of Papua New Guinea. The cuscus is known to range in size from just 15cm to more than 60cm in length, although the average sized cuscus tends to be around 45cm (18inches). The cuscus has small ears and large eyes which aid the cuscus through it's nocturnal lifestyle.
The cuscus is an arboreal mammal, and spends its life almost exclusively in the trees. The cuscus rests in the trees during the day, sleeping in the dense foliage and awakens at night to start moving through the trees in search of food. The cuscus is an omnivorous animal but the cuscus mainly eats leaves and fruits occasionally feasting on small birds and reptiles.
The cuscus is thought to breed throughout the year rather than having a strict breeding season. The mother cuscus gives birth to between 2 and 4 baby cuscus after a gestation period of just a couple of weeks. As with all marsupials, the female cuscus has a pouch on her tummy which the new born cuscus babies crawl into and stay until they are bigger, less vulnerable and able to start feeding themselves. Typically only one of the cuscus babies will survive and emerge from the pouch after 6 or 7 months.
The cuscus has a long and very strong prehensile tail which is naked (has no fur) at the end. This allows the cuscus to be able to grip onto the tree branches more easily when the cuscus is moving from tree to tree and resting during the day. The cuscus also has long, sharp claws which help the cuscus when it is moving around in the trees. The cuscus has thick, woolly fur which can be a variety of colours including brown, tan and white.
Source : http://a-z-animals.com/animals/cuscus/

19. What is true about Cuscus?
Cuscus spends almost of its life in the burrows
Cuscus has variety in colors such as tan, brown and white
Cuscus mainly consumes reptiles and small birds and sometimes eat fruits and leaves
Cuscus babies will survive and emerge from their mother as soon as they are born
Prehensile tail help Cuscus to swing from tree to tree

20. Cuscus is a nocturnal animal, it means that it ….
Spends its life exclusively in the trees
Sleeps during the day and begin searching for food during night
Has pouch where its babies stay
Has gestation period a couple of weeks
Lives In tropical islands

21. What does the third paragraph tell us about?
The origin of Cuscus
The characteristics of Cuscus
The habit of Cuscus
The way of Cuscus to breed
The colors of Cuscus

USE OF FORMALIN AND OTHER ADDITIVES IN FOOD

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been a serious for two reason. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimen and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human's body.
The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people's health is really in a threat. When the control is weak and the use of formalin is spread wide all over the Indonesian regions,and these days it has really happened, the citizens' bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?
Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a serious problem if it is not resolved immediately.
Adapted from : Ujian Nasional 2015

22. Why does the writer think that formalin is very dangerous for human beings?
Formalin is a 10 % solution of formaldehyde in water
The use of formalin has no tight control from the government
Formalin can be used as a disinfectant
Formalin is for biological specimen to human beings
Formalin is not for food preservative


23. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
Formalin is used for disinfectant for biological specimen
The use of formalin becomes a serious problem if it is not resolved
There are many products that contains formalin and dangerous preservatives
The use of formalin has not been controlled by the government tightly
Human’s digestive can absorb the substance contained formalin

24. What does the writer suggest based on the text above?
Food traders should sell their products contained formalin
Formalin is needed to make food more delicious
People should add formaldehyde in water
Food sellers are asked to spill formalin to food products
People should avoid eating food contained formalin

Levi Strauss was born in Buttenheim, Germany, on February 26, 1829, in the Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family. He was the son of Hirsch Strauss and his second wife Rebecca Strauss. At the age of 18, Strauss, his mother and two sisters traveled to the United States to join his brothers Jonas and Louis, who had begun a wholesale dry goods business in New York City called J. Strauss Brother & Co.
Levi's sister Fanny and her husband David Stern moved to St. Louis, Missouri, while Levi went to live in Louisville, Kentucky, and sold his brothers' supplies in Kentucky. In January 1853, Levi Strauss became an American citizen.
The family decided to open a West Coast branch of the family dry goods business in San Francisco, which was the commercial hub of the California Gold Rush. Levi was chosen to represent the family and he took a steamship for San Francisco, arriving in early March 1853, where he joined his sister's family. Strauss opened his dry goods wholesale business as Levi Strauss & Co. and imported fine dry goods—clothing, bedding, combs, purses, handkerchiefs—from his brothers in New York. He made tents, and later jeans. Levi lived with Fanny's growing family.
Jacob Davis, one of Strauss's customers and one of the inventors of riveted denim pants in 1871, went into business with Strauss to produce blue jeans. The two men patented the new style of work pants in 1873.
Levi Strauss died on September 26, 1902, in San Francisco at the age of 73. He never married, and left the business to his four nephews, Jacob, Sigmund, Louis, and Abraham Stern, the sons of his sister Fanny and her husband David Stern. He also left bequests to a number of charities, such as the Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. Before his death, he had also established scholarships at the University of California Berkeley (Levi Strauss Scholarships). Levi's fortune was estimated to be around $6 million ($164 million in 2014 dollars). He was buried in Colma, California.

Adapted from : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Strauss.

25. The text is mainly talking about ….
The success of Levi Strauss in producing pants
The Levi Strauss’s important events
The Levi Strauss’s business
The history of Levi Strauss & Co
The death of Levi Strauss

26. We can conclude from the text that ….
Strauss once lived in Italy
Strauss began his dry goods business in New York City as J. Strauss Brother & Co
Strauss inherited his business from his parents
Levi Strauss & Co was a wholesale business that imported clothing, bedding, combs, purses, and furniture
Strauss had set up Levi Strauss Scholarship at University of Berkeley before his death

27. “He also left bequests to a number of charities, such as the Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum” (last paragraph)
What does the word "he" refer to? .
Jacob Davis
Levi Strauss
Abraham Stern
David Stern
Sigmund Louis

Most people picture sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation. There are numerous fallacies, however, in this conception of sharks.
First, there are about 350 species of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in size from the dwarf shark, which can be only 6 inches (5 feet) long and can be held in the palm of the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 55 feet long. A second fallacy concerns the number and type of teeth, which can vary tremendously among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven sets of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the fierce and predatory species to do possess extremely sharp and brutal teeth used to rip the prey apart; many other types of shark, however, have teeth more adapted to grabbing and holding than cutting and slashing.
Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to strike out human on the least whim. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of sharks have been known to attack humans, and a shark needs to be provoked in order to attack. The types of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no known instances of attacks on human.

28. What is the text about?
The different kinds of sharks throughout the world
The characteristic of shark teeth
The danger posed by shark
The misconception about sharks
The size of predator shark

29. What is NOT true about shark’s teeth?
All sharks have very sharp and brutal teeth
A shark can have hundreds of teeth
A shark can have a six rows of teeth
Shark teeth have different number and type that can vary among the different species
The predatory species of shark use teeth to rip their prey separately

30. “It is true that the fierce and predatory species …” What is the opposite meaning of the word "fierce"?
Savage
Aggressive
Ferocious
Forceful
Gentle

1. I ducked down, pushed between two men and ran for the river
2. The water was icy, but I stayed under until I thought my lungs would burst
3. There was shots as I ran
4. The minute I came up I took a breath and plunged down again
5. Staying submerged was only too easy with so much clothing and my heavily studded army boots

31. The correct order is ….
3 – 1 – 4 – 2 – 5
3 – 1 – 2 – 4 – 5
3 – 2 – 4 – 1 – 5
2 – 4 – 3 – 1 – 5
2 – 4 – 1 – 3 – 5

1. Wait for 45 minutes, remove it from the freezer and stir it powerfully with a spatula or whisk.
2. Prepare your ice cream mixture, then chill it over an ice bath.
3. Continue to check the mixture every 30 minutes, stirring vigorously as it’s freezing.
4. Pour your custard mixture in a deep baking dish and put in the freezer.
5. Keep checking and stirring until the ice cream is frozen.
6. Finally, transfer the ice cream to a covered storage container until ready to serve.

32. The correct order is ….
2 – 4 – 1- 6 – 5 - 3
2 – 4 - 1 – 3 – 5 - 6
2 – 4 – 1 -5 – 3 – 6
2 – 3 – 4 – 1 – 5 – 6
2 – 4 – 1 – 5 – 6 - 3

The two brothers and the white-bearded old man

Once upon a time there were two brothers. They decided to start travelling around the world to to search for happiness. Along the way they met a/ an (33) … man with white beard. He stopped and asked the boys where they move towards. He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a handful of golden coins. "I want to help you, which one of you want these?" he asked.
Immediately, The big brother replied that he wanted them all. Then The old man hand in his other pocket again and pulled out a precious stone, shining like the sun, and asked again, "Which one of you want to have the stone?”
"I want it." The big brother answered (34) … . And finally the old man gave him the stone.
After giving him the precious stone, the old man put down the sack he was carrying on his back and said to the brothers, "Now who is going to help me bring this sack to the village?"
But the big brother said nothing. On the other hand the little brother pulled up his sleeves and bended down to help him. The old man smiled and said, "Take it with you, my boy, along with everything that is inside."
But the little brother refused and said, "No it's not mine."
" Take it, take it." said the old man. "It's my gift (35) … you."
The little brother opened the sack. And what did his eyes see? The bag was filled with precious stones. He stood up to thank the old man, but he was nowhere to be found.

Adapted from : www.worldoftales.com

33.
kind
happy
old
nice
passionate

34.
repeteadly
slowly
quickly
carefully
carelessly

35.
on
of
into
with
to
Score =
Correct answers:
Berikut Ini Situs yang Tepat untuk Mencari Language Partners Saat Belajar Bahasa Asing

Berikut Ini Situs yang Tepat untuk Mencari Language Partners Saat Belajar Bahasa Asing

Mempelajari bahasa asing bukanlah hal yang mudah apalagi bahasa keseharian kita bukanlah bahasa asing tersebut. Kita yang notabene adalah orang Indonesia dengan sehari- hari memakai bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa pertama dan ingin sekali mempelajari bahasa asing lain misalnya bahasa Inggris, Perancis, Jepang, China atau bahasa asing lainnya pastilah mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajarinya. Berbagai cara pun dapat dilakukan untuk dapat mempelajarinya, dari ikut kursus, forum, komunitas bahasa, atau bahkan belajar secara otodidak.

Bagi kita yang hidup dalam dunia teknologi seperti sekarang ini, belajar bahasa asing melalui media  bukanlah hal yang sulit, termasuk dalam belajar bahasa asing. kita bisa memanfaatkan You Tube, forum diskusi, podcasts, dan sebagainya. Karena dirasa belajar bahasa asing butuh sebuah kebiasaan, maka hal yang paling efektif adalah melalui forum diskusi. Kita bisa ikut beberapa komunitas- komunitas yang tersedia di internet sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran bahasa asing. Forum memungkinkan kita bertukar pikiran tentang kesulitan- kesulitan yang dihadapi saat belajar bahasa asing dengan language partners atau partner berbahasa dalam forum.

Nah, berbicara mengenai belajar bahasa asing dengan bantuan language partners, berikut ini kami rangkum  situs yang cocok untuk mencari partner berbahasa asing untuk anda.

Mylanguageexchange

Sesuai dengan namanya, yaitu pertukaran bahasa, situs ini memungkinkan anda untuk mencari patner dalam sebuah komunitas online dengan penutur asli bahasa asing yang ingin anda pelajari. Anda bisa saling bertukar pengetahuan dan belajar  tentang bahasa mereka, demikian juga bagi mereka yang ingin belajar bahasa kita.

Italki

Italki merupakan salah satu situs favorit untuk belajar bahasa asing dengan seorang penutur asli dalam sebuah komunitas. Beberapa fitur yang tersedia dalam Italki antara lain belajar bahasa asing tulis, koreksi penulisan, diskusi, language partner, dan masih banyak lagi.

Hinative

Hinative merupakan sebuah aplikasi untuk pembelajar bahasa asing yang memungkinkan kita untuk belajar bahasa dan budaya asing dengan penutur asli yang ada di seluruh dunia. Selain itu, aplikasi ini juga berguna bagi kita yang akan menghadapi proficiency test bahasa asing, membantu mempelajari dasar- dasar bahasa asing baik tulisan maupun lisan, serta membantu bagi anda yang sedang mempelajarai budaya atau ingin berpergian keluar negeri. Aplikasi ini tersedia baik melalui iPhone maupun Android.

Busuu

Busuu merupakan sebuah komunitas online untuk belajar bahasa asing. Busuu memungkinkan kita belajar bahasa asing dalam bahasa tulis maupun lisan. Beberapa kesalahan kita dalam mempelajari bahasa akan langsung dikoreksi oleh para penutur asli dalam komunitas tersebut.

Tertarik untuk mencobanya? silahkan pilih salah satu yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan anda dalam belajar bahasa asing dengan penutur asli.

Semoga bermanfaat.

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