Penyelenggara ujian nasional Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) telah resmi merilis Kisi-Kisi Ujian Sekolah Berstandar Nasional (USBN) dan Ujian Nasional (UN) tahun 2020 melalui laman resminya. Ini berarti tentang wacana penghapusan Ujian Nasional untuk tahun ini belum dilaksanakan. Dikutip melalui laman resmi BSNP, Ketua Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Bapak Abdul Mu’ti, menyatakan bahwa PP 19/2015 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, yang mengatur tentang pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional (UN) tidak ada perubahan sehingga UN pada tahun pelajaran ini masih akan tetap akan dilaksanakan.
Berdasarkan dari POS UN tahun 2019/ 2020, secara teknis pelaksanaan ujian nasional tahun 2019/ 2020 tidak jauh berbeda dengan pelaksanaan tahun sebelumnya. Dalam naskah soal, misalnya, Kisi-kisi UN Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 disusun berdasarkan kriteria pencapaian kompetensi lulusan, standar isi, dan lingkup materi pada kurikulum diberlakukan yang memuat ranah kognitif dan lingkup materi.
Jumlah komposisi soal untuk jenjang SMA, Bahasa Indonesia; 50 soal; Bahasa Inggris 50 soal (15 soal listening dan 35 reading); Matematika 40 soal (soal pilihan ganda dan isian singkat) dan satu mata ujian pilihan 40 soal. Sedangkan untuk tingkat SMK/ MAK; Bahasa Indonesia 50 soal; Bahasa Inggris 50 soal (15 soal listening dan 35 reading); Matematika 40 soal (soal pilihan ganda dan isian singkat), dan teori kejuruan 40 soal. Pada tingkat SMP/ MTs, Bahasa Indonesia 50 soal; Bahasa Inggris 50 soal; Matematika 40 soal; dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 40 soal.
Adapun moda pelaksanaan UN 2020 untuk pendidikan kesetaraan mengutamakan moda UNBK. Sedangkan moda UNKP digunakan pada Satuan Pendidikan yang tidak dapat melaksanakan UNBK berdasarkan hasil verifikasi dinas pendidikan sesuai dengan kewenangan setelah berkoordinasi dengan Panitia UN Tingkat Pusat.
Jadwal pelaksanaan ujian untuk SMK yaitu tanggal 16 - 19 Maret 2020, sedangkan jadwal UN SMA/MA pada tanggal 30 Maret, dan 2 April 2020. UN SMP/MTs pada tanggal 20 - 23 April 2020.
JADWAL UN SMK/ MAK dan SMA
JADWAL UN SMP
Untuk lebih lengkap informasi tentang pelaksanaan UN 2020 baik POS UN dan kisi-kisi UN 2020, bisa mengunduhnya melalui link berikut ini,
Link POS UN dan Kisi-kisi UN (Link Update Revisi POS Januari 2020)
Parafrase secara linguistik diartikan sebagai pengungkapan kembali suatu konsep, gagasan, pendapat, ide atau opini dengan menggunakan bahasa yang sama dengan cara yang berbeda namun dengan tanpa mengubah makna. Bagi seorang penulis atau seorang akademisi memiliki kemampuan mem-parafrasa kalimat sangat dianjurkan dan perlu dilatih secara terus menerus karena berhubungan dengan sumber- sumber referensi tulisan sebagai bahan rujukan yang kemudian disampaikan ke dalam tulisan anda, tentu saja dengan tidak bertentangan dengan plagiarisme.
Dalam hal menjawab soal, teknik parafrase ini sangat penting dikuasai karena akan dapat menebak runtutan arah kemana si pembuat soal memaknainya melalui jawaban yang tersedia. Sistem parafrase dalam soal dan pilihan jawaban banyak digunakan untuk mengulang kembali makna yang disampaikan dalam teks.
Salah satu cara parafrase bahasa Inggris adalah dengan menerapkan sinonim (persamaan kata) dalam kata maupun frase kalimat. Berikut ini beberapa tips menerapkan padanan kata/ persamaan kata dalam mengganti kata/frase.
Pada strategi mengganti dengan persamaan makna kata, anda diharuskan untuk mengganti lebih dari satu kata atau frasa. Parafrasa dengan sinonim harus dapat menguraikan kembali pernyataan dengan cara yang lain. Dalam artian, menggantikan hanya satu saja kosakata dalam sebuah kalimat bukan parafrasa. Contoh :
Original Statement : The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe.
Unacceptable paraphrase : The most difficult woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe.
Parafrasa tersebut diatas tidak bisa diterima, karena hanya satu kosakata yang diganti (kata yang dicetak miring diwarnai biru)
Original Statement : The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe.
Acceptable paraphrase : The most difficult woodwind instrument to master is the oboe.
Parafrasa yang kedua dapat diterima karena terdapat dua kosakata yang berbeda, frasa most difficult menggantikan kata hardest sementara kata master menggantikan kata learn. Namun kalimat ini masih terlalu dekat artinya dengan kalimat aslinya.
Original Statement : The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe.
Excellent paraphrase : The oboe is the most difficult woodwind instrument to master.
Parafrasa yang ketiga merupakan yang paling bagus karena terdapat lebih dari 1 kosakata yang digantikan. Hal yang terpenting ialah adanya pergantian struktur kalimat. Subjek dalam kalimat original ialah the hardest woodwind instrument dan complement-nya ialah the oboe. Parafrasa yang paling bagus adalah The oboe adalah subjek dan the hardest woodwind instrument adalah complement.
Nah, untuk lebih jelas mengenai pembahasan diatas, berikut kompilasi berbagai contoh bentuk parafrase kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris.
Contoh 1
Original : Thomas Edison was a very curious child, performing his first experiment when he was only three years old.
Paraphrase : Thomas Edison was a very inquisitive child, conducting his first experiment at the age of three.
Contoh 2
Original : The copperhead, a snake that strikes without warning, is considered much more dangerous than the rattlesnake.
Paraphrase : The copperhead, a snake that attacks without warning, is regarded as much more treacherous than the rattlesnake.
Contoh 3
Original : Because J. P Morgan was known as a reputable and prudent businessman, he was able to persuade other to remain in the market even after the crash had begun.
Paraphrase : Because J.P Morgan was known as a trustworthy and careful businessman, he was able to convince other to stay in the market even after the crash had started.
Contoh 4
Original : Phosphorus is used in paint on highway signs and markers because it is bright at night.
Paraphrase : Phosphorus is employed in paint on highway signs and markers because it is luminous in the dark
Contoh 5
Orgininal : Research studies of vertebrates show development from a very simple heart in fish to a complex four – chamber heart in humans.
Paraphrase : Investigations of vertebrates demonstrate evolution from a very basic heart in fish to a complicated four – chamber heart in humans.
Contoh 6
Original : When two products are fundamentally the same, advertising can influence the choice that the public makes.
Paraphrase : When two products are essentially identical advertising can affect the decision that the public makes.
Contoh 7
Original : As a whole, in birds, the male of the species is more brilliantly colored.
Paraphrase : In general, in birds, the male of the species is more vividly colored.
Demikian tips parafrase dalam bahasa Inggris, memilih sinonim (padanan kata) untuk kata dan frase dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris. Semoga bermanfaat.
PKN STAN atau Politeknik Keuangan Negara Sekolah Tinggi Keuangan Negara merupakan salah satu sekolah tinggi kedinasan yang makin banyak peminatnya. Setiap tahunnya, jumlah pendaftar PKN STAN selalu bertambah. Sekolah kedinasan ini selalu menjadi salah satu yang paling banyak diincar dibandingkan dengan perguruan tinggi kedinasan atau bahkan perguruan tinggi lainnya. Tentu saja persaingan antar pendaftar akan semakin ketat, karenanya, persiapan sejak dini menjadi senjata satu- satunya untuk memperebutkan satu kursi di kampus PKN STAN.
Ada beberapa macam tes yang mesti dilalui untuk masuk PKN STAN, antara lain TPA dan TBI. Nah, khusus untuk TBI, soal terdiri dari soal structure dan reading comprehension (dari pengalaman tahun sebelumnya). Soal structure bahasa Inggris merupakan soal yang unik, karena memang harus mengenali tipikal soal berdasarkan bentuk grammatikalnya. Kebanyakan materi-materi structure grammar yang keluar belum diajarkan di sekolah. Karenanya, mulailah untuk mencari buku- buku yang relevan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris (Baca artikel saya tentang : .Rekomendasi buku bahasa Inggris Grammar untuk masuk PKN STAN)
Menghadapi Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI) PKN STAN tahun 2020 mendatang, sudah saya siapkan latihan soal lengkap dengan pembahasan materi structure untuk menambah referensi belajar adik- adik yang sedang mempersiapkannya tahun ini. Agak terlalu panjang, karena jumlah butir soal mencapai 63 soal. Nah, langsung saja, berikut latihan soalnya,
1.… a little earlier, they would have avoided the heavy traffic.
A.Have they left
B.Have they not left
C.Had they left
D.Had they not left
Pembahasan :
Bentuk inversi pada kalimat, pengandaian tanpa IF; Had + subject + V3, subject + would have + V3
2.Semarang, … , has always fascinated me.
A.is a city of ten million people
B.it is a city of ten million people
C.a city of ten million people
D.whose a city of ten million people
Pembahasan :
Appositive Phrase
Merupakan sekelompok kata yang berfungsi memberikan keterangan tambahan kepada subject dan object.Pada bentuk soal diatas, bentuk appositive phrase nya bertindak sebagai Noun.
3. … a shower, I went to bed.
A.take
B.taking
C.having taken
D.took
Pembahasan :
Perfect participles (having +past participle)
Pada introductory verb (having taken a shower) menyatakan aktifitas yang terjadi sebelum aktifitas lainnya dalam kalimat tersebut utama.
I had taken a shower before I went to bed.
=== Having taken a shower, I went to bed.
4.Rudi’s professor had him … his thesis many times before allowing him to present it to the committee.
A.to write
B.writing
C.write
D.written
Pembahasan :
Causative verb bentuk have
S + have + object + Vbase
5.… Irma’s fear of heights, she decided to play roller coaster with a group of her classmates to Dufan Ancol during the holiday.
A.Because
B.Inspite of
C.Although
D.Even though
Pembahasan :
Clause of Concession,
Menyatakan kontras antara dua pernyataan
Because + subject + verb
Inspite of + noun phrase
Although + subject + verb
Even though + subject + verb
Jawaban paling benar berdasarkan strukturnya adalah inspite of
6.Budi spent … an enjoyable vacation in Bali this holiday that he plans to return as soon as he saves money.
A.such
B.very
C.so
D.such as
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan such (cause and result)
such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
7.…than he will want to leave.
A.He no sooner will arrive
B.No sooner he will arrive
C.He will arrive no sooner
D.No sooner will he arrive
Pembahasan :
Inversi bentuk no sooner
no sooner + aux ver (modal) + subject + verb
8.It was suggested that Lisa … Math more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam.
A.to study
B.study
C.studying
D.studied
Pembahasan :
Verbs of demand
S + (verbs of demand ) + that + S2 + V base
List of verbs of demand :
demand
insist
require
suggest
recommend
urge
advise
request
be necessary
be required
be essential
be important
Example :
The doctor recommended that she have surgery
The weatherman suggested that people not use highway 7
The law requires that students be in school a certain number of days a year.
9.… will be carried in the next space shuttle payload has not been yet announced to the public.
A.It
B.What
C.When
D.That
Pembahasan ;
That Clause
10.The papers … at 3:00 will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation.
A.deliver
B.to deliver
C.being delivered
D.delivered
Pembahasan :
Reduced Adjective Clause
The papers which are delivered at 3: 00 will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation
The papers delivered will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation.
11.Pramoedya Ananta Tour, born in Blora, … famous as a great novelist.
A.and became
B.became
C.he was
D.and he became
Pembahasan :
Appossitive Phrase
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
12.A computerized map of the freeways using information gathered by sensors embedded in the pavement … on a local cable channel during rush hours.
A.airing
B.to air
C.airs
D.air
Pembahasan :
Verb agreement, diambil subjek pokok dari kalimatnya, yaitu a computerized map, maka verb yang tepat adalah airs
13.Vitamin C is necessary for the prevention and … of scurvy.
37.Many roads and railroads were built in 1900s … to link them with sources of supply.
A.because of industrial cities needed a network
B.because industrial cities needed a network
C.as a cause of industrial cities needed a network
D.due to industrial cities needed a network
Pembahasan :
Cause connectors
because + subject + verb
because of + noun phrase
as a cause of + noun phrase
due to + noun phrase
Pilihan jawaban yang sesuai form adalah "B"
38.Not until the Triassic Period ….
A.Did develop the first primitive mammals
B.The first primitive mammals develop
C.The first primitive mammals did develop
D.Did the first primitive mammals develop
Pembahasan :
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
not until + aux + subject + verb
39. Let's go for a walk, ...?
A.am I
B.shall we
C.would you
D.shouldn't we
Pembahasan :
Bentuk Question tag
Ajakan dengan Let's, question tag nya adalah shall we
40.Yogyakarta relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and …
A.Semarang too
B.Semarang also
C.Semarang is as well
D.So does Semarang
Pembahasan :
Elliptic structures
Dua buah kalimat positif yang predikatnya sama, pola susunannya adalah
Subject + verb (be) ... + and + so + verb (be)... + subject
atau
Subject + verb (be) ... + and + subject + verb (be)... + too
41.The man had his passport... at the immigration office.
A.stamp
B.stamped
C.stamping
D.stamps
Pembahasan :
Bentuk pasif dalam causative verbs
subject + have/get +complement (usually thing) + verb in past participle
42.The gracious host insisted that Mr. Jack … so early.
A.doesn’t leave
B.didn’t leave
C.not leave
D.hadn’t leave
Pembahasan :
Verbs of demand
S + (verbs of demand ) + that + S2 + V base
43.It was … that we went for a hike in the mountain.
A.So nice day
B.Such nice day
C.Such nice a day
D.So nice a day
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan so/ such
Dalam penggunaan so/such, mari dilihat perbedaannya
subject + verb + so + adjective + a + singular count noun + that
subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
maka, pilihan jawaban yang sesuai dengan rumus diatas adalah so nice a day
44.Everyone was … the threat of military intervention in that area.
A.Frightened for
B.Frightened
C.Frightened to
D.Frightened by
Pembahasan :
Preposition Combination
Frighten + by
45.I let my son … my car when he came to visit me.
A.To borrow
B.Borrow
C.Borrowing
D.Borrowed
Pembahasan :
Causative Verb
Let biasanya dimasukkan dalam daftar Causative Verbs
subject + let + complement + verb in simple form
46.He … since he lost his job.
A.Is feeling badly
B.Had been feeling badly
C.Is feeling bad
D.Has been feeling bad
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense dengan keterangan waktu since +simple past
Present Perfect Tense : subject + have/has +VIII
47. The KM Sinar Bangun, … went down at Toba lake last week, was reputed to have had greatly wealth on board.
A.Who
B.Whom
C.Which
D.That which
Pembahasan :
Relative Clause
person == who + verb/ whom + subject
thing == which
48.She writes such a … poetry that it is hard to believe she has never had a formal education.
A.Beauty
B.Beautiful
C.Beautifully
D.Beautify
Pembahasan :
subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
49.The teacher objected to the students’ … their opened umbrellas near the door.
A.Set
B.Setting
C.Sets
D.Having set
Pembahasan :
Gerund
object to + gerund (v-ing)
50.... that the president's economic policy will help curb inflation.
A.The hope
B.It is hoped
C.Hoping
D.To hope
Pembahasan :
Noun Clause dalam kalimat,
Sebuah kalimat bisa memiliki satu atau dua independent clause, salah satunya mesti memiliki subject dan verb nya sendiri.
51.The White House, … , is the home of the president.
A.It is located in Washington
B.Located in Washington
C.Which located in washingon
D.Is located in Washington
Pembahasan :
Appositive Phrase
Merupakan sekelompok kata yang berfungsi memberikan keterangan tambahan kepada subject dan object.Pada bentuk soal diatas, bentuk appositive phrase nya bertindak sebagai Noun.
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
52.Rarely … located near city lights or at lower elevations.
A.Observatories are
B.Are
C.In the observatories
D.Are observatories
Pembahasan :
Inversi
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
Rarely + aux + subject + verb
53.Only for a short period of time … run at top speed.
A.Cheetahs
B.Do cheetahs
C.That a cheetahs can
D.can
Pembahasan :
Inversi
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
Only + aux + subject + verb
54.The climbers on the sheer face of the mountain … to be rescued.
A.Need
B.Needed
C.Needs
D.needing
Pembahasan :
Subject Verb agreement
Subject dalam kalimat adalah the climbers (jamak) sehingga kata kerja yang tepat adalah bentuk tunggal (V+s/es)
55.Everybody participating in the fund-raiser … to turn in the tickets by 7:00
A.Are
B.Is
C.Were
D.Have
Pembahasan :
Subject Verb agreement
everybody == is
56.The warmer the weather, … the attendance at the outdor concert.
A.The great
B.The greatest
C.The greater
D.greater
Pembahasan :
Double comparatives
the + comparative +subject +verb +the + comparative +subject +verb
57.I appreciate … the time to help me.
A.You taking
B.Your taking
C.Yours
D.Yours taking
Pembahasan :
Gerund
kepemilikan untuk gerund
58.We needed Jim … us figure out the solution.
A.Help
B.To help
C.Helping
D.helped
Pembahasan :
Kata need dalam kalimat diatas diikuti oleh infinitive karena subjectnya melakukan sesuatu
59.Dr. Munir, The president of the university, … a speech at the commencement ceremonies.
A.He will give
B.And he will give
C.Will give
D.Who will give
Pembahasan :
Appossitive Phrase
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
60.I’d rather … in the morning than sudy in the night.
A.To study
B.Study
C.Studying
D.studied
Pembahasan :
Would rather
subject + would rather + simple verb
61.They hardly ever go to town, …?
A.Don’t they
B.Do they
C.Aren’t they
D.Weren’t they
Pembahasan :
Question tag
Kata- kata yang mengandung arti negatif, atau setengah negatif, question tag nya selalu positif.
contohnya,
never, seldom, hardly ever, by no mean, few, no/none
62.She prefers … at home than to see he cinema.
A.Stay
B.to stay
C.staying
D.stayed
Pembahasan :
Preference
subject + prefer + infinitive + than + infinitive
63.The opening of the new freeway in Ahmad Yani Airport has made the traffic condition in this city ….
A.More good
B.the better
C.better
D.more better
Pembahasan :
Degree of Comparison
Membandingkan dua hal; keadaan sekarang dengan keadaan sebelumnya =========================================================================
Itulah 63 Soal Latihan dan Pembahasan Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI) USM PKN STAN Tahun 2020 ; Materi Structure. Untuk materi soal reading comprehension, bisa melalui link berikut, Latihan soal reading TBI PKN STAN.
Bila ada pembahasan soal yang kurang jelas atau perbedaan dalam persepsi pembahasan, isikan ke kolom komentar yaa..
Semoga bermanfaat dan sukses selalu.
Dalam soal reading ujian nasional baik tingkat SMP atau SMA, kita sering menemukan pertanyaan seputar pesan moral (moral value) khususnya dalam teks narrative. Selain menghibur (to amuse/ to entertain) salah satu tujuan komunikatif teks narrative lainnya adalah memberikan ‘pelajaran’ atau ‘moral teaching’ kepada pembaca/pendengar. ‘moral value’ atau ‘moral teaching’ bisa dinyatakan dalam sebuah pernyataaan atau kalimat perintah/larangan.
source : Pixabay
Tingkat kesulitan tipe soal ini sangat tinggi karena berada pada ranah sintesa. Dengan tingkatan pemahaman membacanya sangat tinggi dan termasuk dalam soal bertipe ‘higher order of thinking’ pembiasaan untuk berfikir kritis sangat diperlukan.
Contoh soal yang merepresentasikan tentang pesan moral adalah sebagai berikut,
What is the moral value of the story?
What can we learn from the story?
Sebagai contoh, berikut soal tentang menentukan pesan moral (moral value) dalam teks yang terdapt pada soal- soal ujian nasional SMP atau SMA
Latihan Soal UN SMP
The Wolf and the Goat
A wolf saw a goat grazing at the edge of a high cliff. The wolf smacked his lips at the thought of a fine goat dinner. “My dear friend”, said the wolf in his sweetest voice, “aren’t you afraid you will fall down from the cliff? Come down here and graze on this fine grass beside me on safe, level ground.” “No, thank you,” said the goat. “Well then,” said the wolf. “Aren’t you cold up there in the wind?” You would be warmer grazing here beside me in this sheltered area.” “No, thank you,” said the goat. “But the grass tastes better down here!” said the exasperated wolf. “Why dine alone?” “My dear wolf,” the goat finally said, “are you quite sure that it is my dinner you are worrying about and not your own?”
What can we learn from the story?
A.Don’t look down other creatures.
B.Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures.
C.Don’t judge others by their appearance.
D.Don’t easily beat other creatures.
Untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, pahami sepenuhnya makna cerita kemudian apresiasikannya. Dalam cerita tersebut, Serigala (wolf) berpura- pura baik terhadap kambing (goat) padahal ada maksud jahat dari serigala. Melihat pada pilihan jawaban yang tersedia, maka pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah pada pilihan B, Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures, jangan pernah mudah percaya terhadap makhluk yang bertingkah baik karena mungkin saja ada rencana jahat yang akan dilakukannya.
Latihan Soal UN SMA
Once a man sold his well to a farmer. Next day when a farmer went to draw the water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from the well.” The farmer became very sad and came to the Emperor’s court. He described everything to the Emperor and asked for the justice. The Emperor called Birbal and handed over this case to him. Birbal called the man who sold the well to the farmer. Birbal asked, “Why don’t you let him use the water of the well. You have sold the well to the farmer.” The man replied, “Birbal, I have sold the well to the farmer, not the water. He has no right to draw the water from the well.” Then Birbal smiled and said to him, “Good, but look, since you have sold the well to this farmer, and you claim that water is yours, then you have no right to keep your water in the farmer’s well. Either you pay rent to the farmer to keep your water in his well, or you take that out of his well immediately.” The man understood, that his trick has failed. Birbal has outwitted him.
What is the moral value of the text?
A.Stealing is not a good thing, you can always use your brain and ease out of the difficult situations.
B. Don’t try to cheat because you will end up paying for it regardless of how smart you think you are.
C.One who desires more, loses all. One should remain satisfied with what one gets
D.There is no substitute for hard work because dreams cannot be fulfilled without hard work
E.Do not just blindly walk in to anything without thinking
Dalam menjawab soal tersebut, memang harus memahami makna dari cerita, karakter tokohna untuk mendapatkan pesan yang tersirat. Nilai moral alam teks narartive tersebut adalah jangan pernah mencoba untuk menipu karena kamu pasti akan menerima balasan atas apa yang sudah dilakukan.
Dua tipe kalimat tanya yang juga sering muncul dalam soal ujian nasional selain menentukan gambaran umum adalah menentukan topik suatu paragraf dan menentukan pokok pikiran.
Menentukan Topik suatu paragraf
Topik paragraph menceritakan Anda suatu paragraf itu berisi tentang apa. Dalam menentukan topik, ingat jangan memilih topik yang terlalu khusus atau terlalu umum. Beberapa pertanyaan seputar topik dalam suatu paragraf adalah sebagai berikut,
What is paragraph 1 about?
What does paragraph (3) tell you about?
What is the (third) paragraph of the text about?
What is the main idea of paragraph (2)?
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
Paragraph (4) tells you about … .
The (fourth) paragraph is about … .
Contoh:
Read the text and answer the question given.
The food in Mexico sometimes surprises tourists. It can be very spicy! Mexican cooks use a special kind of pepper. This pepper is so spicy that it almost burns your mouth. But most people start to like the spices after a while. They learn to like Mexican food very much.
What is the above paragraph about?
a.Mexican cooks
b.Mexican food
c.Spicy food
d.Food
Jawaban: B
Read the text and answer the question given.
Large forests are important to us in many ways. they give us wood for building and heating. They are a home for many kinds of plants and animals. And for many city people, forests are a place to go for a vacation. People can learn about nature there. They can breathe fresh air and sleep in a quiet place. But there is one more reason why forests are important for everyone. The leaves on the trees in a forest help clean the air. Dirty air is a problem in many parts of the world. Without our forests this problem might be much worse.
What does the above paragraph tell you about?
Menentukan Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf
Pokok pikiran atau pikiran utama suatu paragraf menceritakan kita lebih banyak tentang suatu topik paragraf. Pikiran utama ini sebenarnya menceritakan ide si penulis tentang topik paragraf tersebut. Biasanya ide ini dinyatakan dalam bentuk kalimat utama.
Misal topik paragraf : Elephants
Maka ide penulis atau kalimat utamanya bisa berupa misalnya:
a.Elephants live in Africa and Asia. b.Elephants can cause serious problems for farmers. c.Elephants are killed for their skin and their ivory tasks.
Kemudian penulis memberikan ide pendukung atau kalimat-kalimat penjelasnya.
Contoh Soal, Read the text and answer the question given.
Diamonds are very expensive for several reasons. First, they are difficult to find. They are only found in a few places in the world. Second, they are useful. People use diamonds to cut other stones. Third, diamonds do not change. They stay the same for millions of years. And finally, they are very beautiful.
Questions:
What is the above paragraph about?
What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Tips Menentukan Tempat Pokok Pikiran atau Topic Idea dalam Paragraf
1.Pokok pikiran dapat dijumpai pada kalimat pertama. Biasanya kalimatnya berupa: summary sentence, introductory sentence, brief definition, atau statement to be explained.
Contoh:
a.Introductory sentence
Example 1
There are many kinds of pollution. One kind is air pollution. This usually is a problem over cities. Water pollution is another problem. It is found in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Also, pollution of the earth is sometimes a problem near farms. And finally, there is even noise pollution, especially in crowded cities.
1.What is the text about?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Kalimat pokok pikiran berupa brief definition
Example 2
Ozone is an unusually active form of oxygen produced by the discharge of electricity in the air. The fresh, pungent odor of the air after a thunderstorm is partly due to the presence of ozone produced in the air by lighting. The slightly irritating odor near x rays and other high-voltage machine is also due to the presence of ozone.
1.What does the above paragraph tell you about?
2.What is the main idea of the paragraph?
Kalimat pokok pikiran berupa summary sentence
Example 3
Certainly money should not be your chief aim in life. But you ought not to despise it, for it can help you and your family obtains many of good things of life. It can buy an adequate diet, one of the bases of good health. When necessary, it can provide medicine and medical care. It can be the means for a comfortable house, for travel, for good books and for hobbies and recreation. It can make it easier for your children to secure an education. Finally, it can offer a great opportunity for you to help others.
1.What is the topic of the paragraph above?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Kalimat pokok pikiran berupastatement to be explained
Example 4
Computer language can be funny at times. For example, we say computers have a memory. We know they do not really remember or think. But we still say memory. Also, on many computer programs there is a menu. Of course, we are not talking about restaurants or food. This is a different kind of menu. Another funny example is the mouse in some computers. it is hard not to think about a real mouse when you hear the word. But do not worry: there are no little gray animals in the machine.
1.What is the topic of the paragraph above?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran dapat juga dijumpai di akhir kalimat.
Jika kita tidak menjumpai pokok pikiran di kalimat awal, maka tempat untuk mengetahui selanjutnya adalah mungkin di akhir paragraph. Pokok pikiran seperti ini biasanya berupa pengulangan dari kalimat pertama yang dinyatakan secara persis atau berbeda dengan kalimat yang pertama tersebut.
Example 5
The chemist is essential in our life today. Aviation uses lightweight aluminum, magnesium, high-octane gasoline – all processed or created by chemist. The automotive industry uses plastics, improved gasoline and oils, improved rubber and other creations or discovery of the chemist. Farming depends on the chemist for many fertilizers and insecticides. Medicine has received the miracle drugs and synthetic vitamins from the chemist. Indeed, the chemist today is irreplaceable.
1.What is the text about?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran dapat juga ditemukan di kalimat kedua.
Bila hal ini terjadi mungkin kalimat pertama masih mengacu pada sesuatu pada paragraph sebelumnya. Kalimat ini mungkin memberi idea yang menkualifikasi atau mengontraskan. Penting diperhatikan pokok pikiran dikalimat kedua ini sering ditandai dengan pemakaian kata ganti yang merujuk pada kata tertentu dalam kalimat pertamanya.
Example 6
Certainly money should not be your chief aim in life. But you ought not to despise it, for it can help you and your family obtain many of good things of life. It can buy an adequate diet, one of the bases of good health. When necessary, it can provide medicine and medical care. It can be the means for a comfortable house, for travel, for good books and for hobbies and recreation. It can make it easier for your children to secure an education. Finally, it can offer a great opportunity for you to help others.
1.What is the paragraph about?
2.What is the main idea of the paragraph?
Pokok pikiran bisa jumpa dijumpai pada kalimat pertama dan kedua yang disatukan.
Example 7
You may question whether a poor mark in chemistry, for example, will look bad to the future employer who is considering you for a sales position. It will. Or at least it will throw some doubt into his mind. He will reason something like this: “He (you) was given a job to do, but he didn’t give that job a good effort. I wonder if he will postpone calling on a tough customer until a worker from other company has clinched the sale”.
1.What is the text about?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran dapat juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam paragraf. Namun demikian penulis memberikan kalimat-kalimat penjelasnya. Dalam situasi ini pembaca diminta menyimpulkannya sendiri.
Example 8
The 1989 Census Report tells us that in 1987, of all men 25 years and older, those who completed eight years of grade school received a median income of $2533. Those with four years of high school received a median wage of 3258. Those who stuck out four years of college received a median wage of $4407
1.What is the text about?
2.What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran bisa juga ditemukan di kalimat yang mana saja pada suatu paragraph. Setiap kalimat pada paragraph ini mungkin sebagai pokok pikiran. Kalaimat yang mana saja dimanapun ia ditempatkan yang menceritakan tentang topik paragraf, maka ia menjadi pikiran utama dari paragraph tersebut.
Example 9
(1) The widespread illusion on this subject (working one’s way through college) is due to several misconceptions. (2) The first of these is the popular idea that the great objective is to get through college. (3) Getting through college is of no value whatsoever. (4) Many men have gotten through college who would be better off if they had never seen a college. (5) So would society. (6) Which is to say that there are no many ways of getting through college and some of them mean nothing. (7) What counts is what a man gets out of college as he gets through. (8) If he gets what he should, he will be immediately enriched and society will be blessed by his ability and his service. (9) But if he does not get these proper values, he has nothing. (10) The fact, therefore, that a man earned his through college means nothing unless the man got something as he went through. (11) Many of the earning men get little or nothing. (12) In one case play interferes with education. (14) In the other, menial, driving, all absorbing remunerative work does the same.
1.What is the text about?
2.What is the main idea of the paragraph above?
Pokok pikiran ada juga yang terletak di luar paragraph. Adanya bisa di paragraph yang mendahuluinya atau yang datang sesudahnya. Model seperti ini biasanya terjadi jika suatu paragraph merupakan bagian dari unit yang lebih besar.
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Demikianlah tips menjawab soal reading ujian nasional (UN) menentukan topik dan pokok pikiran suatu paragraf. Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Terima kasih
