Gerund merupakan bentuk verb-ing dari kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda ( noun). Ada bermacam- macam penggunaan dari bentuk gerund seperti bertindak sebagai subjek, gerund sebagai objek, gerund yang diletakkan dalam kata kerja tertentu dan sebagainya. Salah satu penggunaan dari gerund yang sering kita temukan dalam soal bahasa Inggris adalah gerund yang digunakan dibelakang possesive adjective atau possessive Noun. Gerund yang digunakan dalam fungsi tersebut bisa dilihat pada contoh berikut,
I don’t mind your living here.
You know herfeeling sad.
The idea of his selling house doesn’t appeal to his wife.
Ada dua aturan dalam menerapkan bentuk possessive dengan gerund yaitu secara formal English dan secara informal English. Formal English
Soal- soal bentuk gerund ini sering kita temukan dalam soal- soal kedinasan seperti ujian masuk STAN, atau kedinasan yang lain. Mungkin bab ini terlihat sepele akan tetapi satu soal dengan poin soal yang kecilpun sangat berharga.
ilustrasi gambar
Untuk lebih mendalami tentang bentuk gerund ini berikut sudah saya compile latihan soal possessive dengan gerund.
Sistem ujian seleksi masuk (USM) sejak 2018 sudah menggunakan sistem Computer Assisted Test (CAT), pelaksanaan tes menggunakan komputer yang terintegrasi. Moda sistem CAT ini akan meminimalisir bentuk kecurangan dalam tes dan juga lebih transparan pada pelaksanaannya.
PKN STAN
Merujuk pada tahun 2019 lalu, ada tiga tahapan ujian yaitu, Ujian tertulis, Psikotes, dan Ujian kesehatan dan kebugaran. Adapun materi tes tertulis USM PKN STAN terdiri dari tiga tes seleksi utama antara lain,
1. Seleksi Kompetensi Dasar (SKD), 100 soal dengan waktu 90 menit dengan mencakup tiga materi yaitu,
Tes Intelegensi Umum (TIU),
Tes Karakteristik Pribadi (TWK), dan
Tes Wawasan Kebangsaan (TWK).
2. Tes Potensi Akademik (TPA), jumlah soal sebanyak 45 butir dengan durasi waktu 40 menit.
3. Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI), jumlah 30 soal yang dikerjakan dalam waktu 20 menit.
Para peseta dinyatakan lulus ujian tertulis USM STAN apabila nilai berada diatas ambang batas yang ditentukan. Untuk soal TBI USM PKN STAN, Soal bahasa Inggris terdiri dari 30 (tiga puluh) soal dengan durasi waktu hanya 20 menit terdiri dari materi grammar (structure and written expression) dan reading comprehension. Nilai ambang batas untuk TBI adalah 30 dengan nilai maksimal 120. Nilai TBI, selain TPA dijadikan salah satu dasar pemeringkatan, oleh karena itu usahakan meraih nilai sebanyak dan semaksimal mungkin.
Durasi waktu yang terbatas hanya 20 menit dibandingkan jumlah soal sebanyak 30 soal, berarti adik- adik harus dapat menyelesaikan soal kurang dari 40 detik per soalnya. Strategi yang terbaik adalah menyelesaikan soal grammar (structure and written expression) terlebih dahulu sebelum reading comprehension dengan cepat dan tepat mengingat tipe soal tersebut merupakan grammar praktis yang rumusnya pasti.
Lengkapnya, berikut ini penjabaran tentang materi tes bahasa Inggris USM PKN STAN,
#1. Structure and Written Expression
Bentuk soal structure and written expression membutuhkan penguasaan grammar yang baik. Soal structure and written expression ditujukan untuk menguji kemampuan adik- adik dalam mengenali formal written English.
Seperti yang kita ketahui, bahwa beberapa hal dapat diterima dalam bahasa Inggris lisan (spoken English), namun tidak dapat diterima dalam bahasa Inggris tertulis (formal written English). Soal tipe seperti ini mengharuskan kita untuk memilih cara yang tepat dalam setiap kalimat yang dinyatakan dalam setiap pertanyaan.
Masih seperti sebelumnya, topik yang harus dikuasai adalah tentang Gerund, Parallel Construction, Direct and Indirect Speech, Concord atau agreement, Degree of Comparison, Tenses, Participle, Clause, Causative, Subjunctive, Conditional Sentence, Elliptical sentence, Question Tag, dan materi grammar lainnya. Untuk materi dan latihan soal sudah saya lengkapi pada blog ini. silahkan adik- adik latih kemampuan grammar nya dengan klik menu TBI PKN STAN.
Berikut contoh soal structure and written expression USM PKN STAN tahun 2017,
James Dawson, ..., finally became vice president off the company in 1989. A. was an administration officer in 1972 B. he was an administration officer in 1972 C. an administration officer in 1972 D. whose an administration officer in 1972
Menyelesaikan bentuk soal structure and written expression membutuhkan kejelian dan ketepatan serta pemahaman grammar yang baik. Maka, alangkah baiknya bila sedari dini materi ini dipelajari terlebih dahulu. Ingat, bahwa frekuensi latihan akan memberikan dampak yang nyata terhadap hasil. Seperti halnya pada soal diatas, materi soal tersebut sangat jarang didapatkan saat melalui bangku sekolah akan tetapi materi ini lazim digunakan pada mmateri- materi soal ujian bahasa Inggris seperti TOEFL.
Soal teks untuk reading comprehension dalam soal- soal USM PKN STAN biasanya diambil dari berbagai sumber baik website maupun sumber lain misalnya jurnal ilmiah. Strategi menyelesaikannya sama dengan soal- soal reading lainnya yang mencakup :
Menentukan Main Idea
Dalam setiap pertanyaan reading, soal yang paling sering muncul adalah tentang menentukan ide utama dalam teks. Main idea/ ide utama merupakan ide yang paling penting dalam sebuah teks atau tentang apakah teks tersebut. Setiap teks memiliki ide utama subordinate. ide utama lebih umum dari supporting ide atau detail dalam sebuah bagian teks.
Ide utama kadang muncul di awal paragraf akan tetapi bisa juga muncul di tengah atau akhir paragraf.
Ketika ide utama dalam sebuah teks itu tidak jelas karena setiap paragraf memiliki poin utama yang berbeda, maka pertanyaan seputar topik utama akan biasa muncul. Berikut ini contoh dari pertanyaan menentukan ide utama,
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the main idea expressed in the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
The main topic of the passage is ....
Pertanyaan Detail
Pertanyaan detail (detail questions) menanyakan tentang informasi spesifik dalam sebuah teks. Detail questions biasanya dimulai dengan pertanyaan,
According to the passage, ....
Ada dua jenis pertanyaan detail yaitu
Pertanyaan detail (Stated Details Questions)
Tipe pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang detail pertanyaan dalam teks. beberapa pertanyaan yang menyatakan pertanyaan ini adalah seperti,
According to the passage ....
It is stated in the passage ....
The passage indicates that ....
Which of the following is true...?
Pertanyaan Unstated Details
Tipe pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang pernyataan apa yang tidak benar dalam teks. Biasanya pertanyaan ini menggunakan kata NOT atau EXCEPT dalam huruf kapital. Contoh pertanyaan yang sering muncul adalah sebagai berikut,
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, all of the following are true, EXCEPT....
Which one is NOT TRUE ...
Pertanyaan Reference dan Vocabulary
Pertanyaan reference menanyakan tentang kata- kata rujukan dalam teks, seperti kata ganti (pronoun) "they" "them","it", dll. Pertanyaan Inference
Pertanyaan inference bisa dikatakan sebagai pertanyaan dengan jawaan yang sulit dalam soal reading. Jawaban atas pertanyaan ini tidak langsung dinyatakan dalam paragraf teks akan tetapi bisa saja secara tersirat. Berikut ini contoh pertanyaan reference,
Which of the following can be inferred about...?
What can be inferred from the passage?
From the passage it can be inferred that ....
The passage implies that ....
The author implies that ....
The passage suggests that ....
It is most probable that ....
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan inference, kita mesti menyimpulkan fakta- fakta yang dinyatakan dalam teks.
Pertanyaan tujuan penulis (Questions on Main Purpose)
Model perrnyataan ini adalah menanyakan tujuan penulis menulis teks ini. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, kita bisa menuliskan konklusi yang diambil dari ide utama dan detail- detail informasi tertentu dari teks. Berikut beberapa contoh pertanyaan seputar tujuan penulis.
What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
The author's purpose in writing is to ...
Why did the author write the passage?
Untuk lebih lengkap mengenai strategi menjawab soal reading comprehension TBI PKN STAN, sudah saya tulis ulasan pembahasan plus contoh soal terapannya melalui posting sebelumnya. Silahkan klik pada link artikel berikut ini,
Sebagai referensi belajar, adik -adik bisa menggunakan buku- buku TOEFL berikut. Buku- buku tersebut saya pandang tepat karena ulasan materi yang singkat dan jelas serta mudah didapatkan. Sebagai tambahan, buku- buku tersebut juga saya gunakan untuk mengajar pendampingan siswa masuk PKN STAN maupun mengajar persiapan ujian TOEFL.
1. Cliffs TOEFL, Preparation Guide by Michael A Pyle, M.A and Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M.A.
Meskipun buku ini merupakan buku untuk persiapan TOEFL, namun materi- materi, rumus, dan latihan soal relevan dengan materi- materi yang sering muncul dalam soal. Pembahasan per bab atau materi lumayan jelas, singkat dan padat.
2. Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test by Deborah Philips
Hampir sama dengan buku sebelumnya, buku ini juga buku persiapan untuk TOEFL. Buku ini sangat lengkap membahas tips tips mengerjakan soal, bentuk- bentuk latihan soal dan penyelesaian khususnya soal grammar baik tipe structure and written expression maupun tipe error analysis.
Buku TOEFL Longman
3. Understanding and Using English Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar
Buku ini sangat lengkap membahas grammar, disertai dengan rumus yang praktis serta latihan- latihan yang lengkap tentang materi Grammar. Untuk saat ini juga tersedia versi terbitan bahasa Indonesia sehingga memudahkan untuk belajar.
Mau latihan soal TBI USM PKN STAN ? Klik tautan berikut ya,,,
Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI) PKN STAN merupakan salah satu tahapan krusial
yang wajib ditaklukkan oleh setiap calon mahasiswa. Berbeda dengan
tahun-tahun sebelumnya, seleksi masuk PKN STAN saat ini sudah terintegrasi
erat dengan nilai UTBK-SNBT (khususnya komponen Tes Skolastik dan Literasi
Bahasa Inggris) sebagai syarat administratif awal. Artinya, materi TBI STAN
kini memiliki standar yang sangat kompetitif dan beririsan langsung dengan
model soal ujian nasional tersebut.
Latihan Soal Reading Comprehension TBI PKN STAN (Update 2026)
Secara umum, TBI PKN STAN berfokus pada dua komponen utama:
Structure dan
Reading Comprehension.
Soal
structure menuntut
kejelian tinggi karena sering kali menguji bentuk gramatikal kompleks yang
jarang diulas secara mendalam di sekolahmenengah. Sementara itu, soal
reading comprehension
biasanya mengadopsi teks dari jurnal ilmiah atau artikel populer global.
Tingkat kesulitannya berada di level medium hingga
advanced, di mana
tantangan terbesar terletak pada banyaknya kosakata baru (vocabulary) yang asing bagi sebagian orang.
Nah, untuk menguji sejauh mana kesiapan Anda menghadapi seleksi tahun ini,
langsung saja kita masuk ke latihan soal beserta pembahasannya di bawah ini!
Text 1
Supernovas are the most powerful and spectacular outbursts known in
nature. What is called a Type II supernova is due to the collapse of a
massive star, at least eight times as massive as the sun, that has used up
its main nuclear fuel and produced a nickel-iron core. When this core can
no longer support the pressure of the star’s outer layers, it collapses to
form a neutron star of immense density. Over 2,500 million tons of neutron
star material could be packed into a matchbox. Its temperature is around
100.000 million degrees centigrade. Multitudes of neutrons are produced in
the collapsed star, which pass directly through the start into space, and
this release of neutrons causes the core to respond with a shock wave that
moves outward. When it meets the material that is falling inward,
the result is a catastrophic only a small, incredibly dense remnant that
may be a neutron star or, in extreme cases, a black hole.
A supernova is often more than 500 million times as luminous as the
sun. A supernova remnant (SNR) may be detectable as a pulsar, an
example of which is the Crab Nebula, known to be a remnant of the
supernova observed in the year 1054. The 1987 supernova in the Large Cloud
of Magellan had a low peak luminosity by supernova standards, only about
250 million times that of the sun. At its brightest the supernova shone as
a star between magnitudes 2 and 3, even though it was 170,000 light-years
away.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The formation and power of a supernova
B. The heat of Supernova
C. The role of shock waves in a supernova
D. The density of a neuron star
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. The formation and power of a supernova
Pembahasan: Paragraf pertama menjelaskan bagaimana supernova terbentuk ("due
to the collapse of a massive star..."), sedangkan paragraf kedua berfokus
pada kekuatan atau tingkat kecemerlangannya ("powerful and spectacular
outbursts", "500 million times as luminous as the sun"). Jadi, topik
utamanya adalah pembentukan dan kekuatan supernova.
2. According to the passage which of the following is not TRUE about
the 1987 SUPERNOVA?
A. It was situated in the Large Cloud of Magellan
B. It was 170,000 light-years away
C. It shone as a star between magnitudes 3 and 4
D. It had a low peak luminosity
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. It shone as a star between magnitudes 3 and 4
Pembahasan: Perhatikan kalimat terakhir pada paragraf kedua: "...the
supernova shone as a star between magnitudes 2 and 3...". Pernyataan pilihan
C yang menyebutkan "magnitudes 3 and 4" adalah salah (NOT true).
3. The word "it" in line 8 refers to ....
A. A shock wave
B. neutron star
C. core of the collapsed star
D. catastrophic explosion
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. A shock wave
Pembahasan: Struktur kalimatnya berbunyi: "...this release of neutrons
causes the core to respond with a shock wave that moves outward. When it
meets the material...". Kata ganti "it" di sini merujuk langsung ke subjek
yang bergerak keluar pada kalimat sebelumnya, yaitu shock wave (gelombang
kejut).
4. The word "detectable" in paragraph 2 has the closest meaning to ....
A. assumed
B. known
C. perceptible
D. audible
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. perceptible
Pembahasan: Kata detectable berarti dapat dideteksi atau ditemukan. Di
antara pilihan yang ada, kata perceptible (dapat dilihat/dirasakan/diamati)
memiliki makna yang paling dekat dan sepadan.
5. The author of this passage is most likely ....
A. a botanist
B. an economist
C. an astronomer
D. a mathematics
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. an astronomer
Pembahasan: Teks ini secara keseluruhan membahas tentang fenomena luar
angkasa (bintang, supernova, black hole, kosmos). Oleh karena itu,
penulisnya dipastikan adalah seorang astronom (an astronomer).
Text 2
Today's car are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their
predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free
than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines have
already been developed that run on alternative sources of power, such as
electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and
propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero emission option presently
available. Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful,
compact battery or other dependable source of current is available,
transportation experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicle
entering everyday life; shorter-range commuter electric cars,
three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes, and
trolleys.
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban
planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to
support and make the use of the new cars. Public charging facilities will
need to be as common as today's gas stations. Public parking spots on the
street or the in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices
that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they shop, dine, or
attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most
convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for
electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses, and
neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have
facilities for charging and renting. Commutes will be able to rent a
variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person
three-wheeler, small cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer
trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of
handling five minutes times number of vehicles that can be carried by a
freeway today.
6. What is the author's purpose of the passage?
A. to criticize the conventional vehicle
B. to support the invention of electric cars
C. to persuade the readers to use electric cars
D. to describe possibilities for transportation in the future
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. to describe possibilities for transportation in the future
Pembahasan: Penulis memaparkan prediksi dan kemungkinan transportasi masa
depan, mulai dari jenis mesin baru, Assortment kendaraan listrik, hingga
kesiapan infrastruktur kota ("the car of the future will be...",
"transportation experts foresee...").
7. The passage would most likely be followed by details about ....
A. automated freeways
B. pollution restrictions in the future
C. the neighborhood of the future
D. electric shuttle bus
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. automated freeways
Pembahasan: Kalimat terakhir teks ini membahas tentang perjalanan jarak jauh
kendaraan hibrida yang akan beralih ke jalan tol otomatis ("...hybrid cars
for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways...").
Paragraf berikutnya biasanya akan memperluas topik terakhir yang disinggung
tersebut.
8. In the second paragraph the author implies that ....
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed
B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future
C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of
transportation
D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be
developed
Pembahasan: Penulis menyebutkan bahwa kendaraan listrik belum benar-benar
praktis sampai baterai yang kuat dan andal tersedia ("Although electric
vehicles will not be truly practical until..."). Kalimat berikutnya langsung
menyebutkan bahwa para ahli sudah memprediksi kehadiran berbagai kendaraan
listrik di kehidupan sehari-hari, yang mengimplikasikan bahwa teknologi
sumber energi tersebut pada akhirnya akan berhasil dikembangkan.
9. In the fourth paragraph, the word "foresee" could be best replaced with
....
A. count on
B. rely on
C. imagine
D. invent
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. imagine
Pembahasan: Kata foresee berarti meramalkan atau membayangkan masa depan.
Pilihan yang paling mendekati arti konteks ini adalah imagine
(membayangkan/memproyeksikan).
10. This passage would most likely be found in a ....
A. medical journal
B. history book
C. popular psychology periodical
D. textbook on urban planning
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. textbook on urban planning
Pembahasan: Paragraf ketiga secara eksplisit membahas tentang fokus para
perencana kota (urban planners) dan insinyur utilitas dalam membangun sistem
infrastruktur (tempat pengisian daya, slot parkir khusus) untuk mendukung
kendaraan masa depan. Jadi, teks ini sangat cocok berada di buku teks
perencanaan wilayah/kota.
11. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be ....
A. more convenient than they are today
B. equipped with charging devices
C. much larger than now
D. as common as today's gas stations
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: B. equipped with charging devices
Pembahasan: Hal ini disebutkan secara tersurat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat
kedua: "...commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow
drivers to charge their batteries...".
12. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT,
....
A. vans
B. planes
C. trains
D. trolleys
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: B. planes
Pembahasan: Kendaraan yang disebutkan di dalam teks meliputi commuter
electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, delivery vans, bikes,
trolleys, shuttle buses, dan trains. Pesawat (planes) sama sekali tidak
disinggung.
Text 3
As computers have become powerful tools for rapid and economic of
production of picture, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most
rapidly growing fields in computers science. It such used routinely
in such diverse areas as business, industry, government, research,
training, and medicine.
One of of the initial uses of computer graphics and ultimately its
greatest use, been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer
– aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can
see how an object will lock after construction and make changes freely and
much more quickly than with hands drafting. For three-dimensional
rendering of machine parts, engineers rely heavily on CAD. Automobile,
spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design
vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created
with computer graphics systems. Architect can design a building layout
create a three-dimensional model, and even go for simulated “walk” through
the rooms or around the outside of the building.
Business graphics is another rapidly growing are of computer graphics,
where it is to create graphs, charts, and cost models summarize financial,
statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an education
aid, computer also has creative and commercial art applications,
where it is used in advertising, publishing and film productions,
particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential
process.
13. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Computer graphics applications
B. Routines uses of computers
C. The rapidly growing field of computer science
D. Computers as the architects of the future
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. Computer graphics applications
Pembahasan: Teks ini mengulas berbagai pemanfaatan atau aplikasi dari grafik
komputer di berbagai bidang, seperti bisnis, industri, arsitektur (CAD),
edukasi, hingga seni komersial/film.
14. According to the passage, architects use CAD to....
A. inspect building
B. create graphs
C. make cartographic materials
D. create three-dimensional models
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. create three-dimensional models
Pembahasan: Berdasarkan informasi di paragraf kedua: "...Architect can
design a building layout create a three-dimensional model...".
15. The word "it" in line 2 refers to....
A. computer graphics
B. computer science
C. field
D. computers
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. computer graphics
Pembahasan: Kalimat sebelumnya berbunyi: "...computer graphics has emerged
as one of the most rapidly growing fields... It is used routinely...". Kata
"It" jelas merujuk kembali ke topik utama kalimat sebelumnya, yaitu computer
graphics.
16. The word "applications" in paragraph 3 means ....
A. uses
B. jobs
C. creativity
D. layers
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. uses
Pembahasan: Dalam konteks teknologi dan fungsi, kata applications berarti
penerapan atau penggunaan, yang bersinonim dengan uses.
Text 4
Research has indicated that dyslexia has biological origin,and most
investigators now suspect that dyslexic children read poorly as a result
of highly specific language problem,sometimes called "phonological
unawareness". Dyslexic children cannot easily learn to read because they
have trouble associating printed letters with the sound of speech. A
similar problem occurs in congenitally deaf people who have mastered the
linguistic complexities and subtleties of sign language but have trouble
learning to read.
Evidence also exists suggesting that the root cause for much dyslexia is a
problem with processing very rapidly changing sensory stimuli.For
example,studies have shown that dyslexic children have trouble making
accurate distinctions between similar auditory signals.They often
cannot hear the difference between speech sounds such as "pah","dah",and
"bah". Recently,differences have been noted between the visual pathways pf
dyslexics and those of non-dyslexics that suggest a comparable problem
with fast changing visual stimuli. Researchers have also found several
other neuroanatomical abnormalities in the temporal lobe and in the other
areas of the brain. All of these studies are extremely valuable in helping
researchers understand the mechanisms underlying reading problems so that
dyslexic children can be accurately identified and more efficiently
helped.
17. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. to change current ideas about dyslexia
B. to explore the causes of dyslexia
C. to determine between dyslexia and congenital deafness
D. to take example of dyslexia behavior
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: B. to explore the causes of dyslexia
Pembahasan: Teks ini mengeksplorasi asal-usul disleksia dari sudut pandang
biologis dan neurologis, seperti masalah phonological unawareness,
gangguan pemrosesan stimulus sensori, hingga kelainan neuroanatomi di otak
(neuroanatomical abnormalities).
18. This passage would be most interest to ....
A. children
B. writers
C. educators
D. scientists
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. educators
Pembahasan: Di bagian akhir paragraf disebutkan bahwa studi ini sangat
berharga agar anak-anak penderita disleksia dapat diidentifikasi secara
akurat dan dibantu dengan lebih efisien. Pihak yang paling berkepentingan
langsung dengan identifikasi dini dan metode bantu belajar anak di sekolah
adalah para pendidik/guru (educators).
19. The author compares the problems of dyslexic children with ....
A. dyslexic adults
B. the subtleties of sign language
C. the visual pathways of other dyslexics
D. the problems of congenitally deaf people
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. the problems of congenitally deaf people
Pembahasan: Tertulis jelas di paragraf pertama kalimat ketiga: “A similar
problem occurs in congenitally deaf people...”. Penulis membandingkan
masalah anak disleksia dengan masalah yang dialami oleh orang yang tuli
sejak lahir.
20. In line 9 The word "distinctions" could be best replaced with ....
A. similarities
B. experiences
C. imaginations
D. differences
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. differences
Pembahasan: Konteks kalimatnya adalah "...trouble making accurate
distinctions between similar auditory signals." (kesulitan membuat
perbedaan yang akurat di antara sinyal suara yang mirip). Kata
distinctions berarti perbedaan, sepadan dengan differences.
Text 5
In North America there are two forms of bison, the plains bison and the
woodland bison. The plains bison once ranged from Pennsylvania and Georgia
to the Rockies, north to the edge of the Canadian forest, and south onto
the central plateau of Mexico. The bison has a great tolerance to cold.
When blizzards rage across the North American prairie, bison lower their
heads and face directly into the storm. In winter the vegetation on which
these animals feed may be hidden beneath a deep blanket of snow; however,
this does not present a problem, for the bison use their hooves and
massive heads to clear away the snow and then feed on the grasses below.
Bison are strong survivors and have few predators except for humans, who
reduced their population to the point at which, around 1900, there were
fewer than a thousand plains bison left. However, with protection and
careful breeding they have been brought back to the point where
their numbers can be multiplied at will. Large herds presently
range on both government and private lands where they are protected. Other
endangered species need the same planning and protection.
21. What is the topic of the passage?
A. the diversity of climates in America
B. national parks of north America
C. cold-blooded animals of the Southwestern desert
D. the endangered grizzly of North America
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. the endangered grizzly of North America (Catatan Koreksi: Teks
ini murni membahas tentang Bison, tampaknya ada kesalahan cetak pada
pilihan ganda bawaan soal asli Anda yang menuliskan 'grizzly'. Namun
secara esensi, topik pilihan ini merujuk pada spesies terancam di Amerika
Utara).
Pembahasan: Teks ini membahas tentang habitat bison, kemampuan bertahan
hidupnya di musim dingin, hingga statusnya sebagai hewan yang sempat
terancam punah (endangered species) akibat perburuan manusia sebelum
akhirnya dilindungi.
22. Where would Bison be found during severe winter storm?
A. Seeking shelter behind boulders
B. In the open
C. in caves
D. Behind trees
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: B. In the open
Pembahasan: Berdasarkan paragraf 1: "When blizzards rage across the North
American prairie, bison lower their heads and face directly into the
storm." Karena mereka langsung menghadapi badai di padang rumput tanpa
bersembunyi, artinya mereka berada di area terbuka (in the open).
23. It can be concluded from the passage that ....
A. Bison will eventually be extinct
B. Bison are more fragile than they appear
C. The Bison population can be controlled
D. Bison were native to a limited territory
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: C. The Bison population can be controlled
Pembahasan: Kesimpulan ini didapat dari kalimat: "...with protection and
careful breeding they have been brought back to the point where their
numbers can be multiplied at will." Kalimat multiplied at will menandakan
jumlah populasi mereka kini sudah bisa diatur atau dikendalikan oleh
manusia.
24. The word "their" in line 10 refers to ....
A. numbers
B. predators
C. humans
D. plains bison
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: D. plains bison
Pembahasan: Rangkaian kalimat sebelumnya membahas tentang plains bison
yang populasinya berkurang drastis akibat manusia, lalu diselamatkan
melalui penangkaran ("with protection and careful breeding they have been
brought back to the point where their numbers..."). Kata their merujuk
pada plains bison.
25. "...Large herds presently range on both government..."
What does the underlined word mean?
A. move about
B. cook on a store
C. drive a long distance
D. surround
[+] Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Jawaban: A. move about
Pembahasan: Kata range sebagai kata kerja (verb) dalam konteks habitat hewan
berarti menjelajah, hidup, atau bergerak berpindah-pindah di suatu wilayah.
Arti yang paling tepat adalah move about.
Sekian latihan soal reading comprehension tes bahasa Inggris PKN STAN.
Semoga bisa menjadi gambaran akan tipe -tipe soal yang sering muncul
khususnya dalam bagian soal reading.
PKN STAN atau Politeknik Keuangan Negara Sekolah Tinggi Keuangan Negara merupakan salah satu sekolah tinggi kedinasan yang makin banyak peminatnya. Setiap tahunnya, jumlah pendaftar PKN STAN selalu bertambah. Sekolah kedinasan ini selalu menjadi salah satu yang paling banyak diincar dibandingkan dengan perguruan tinggi kedinasan atau bahkan perguruan tinggi lainnya. Tentu saja persaingan antar pendaftar akan semakin ketat, karenanya, persiapan sejak dini menjadi senjata satu- satunya untuk memperebutkan satu kursi di kampus PKN STAN.
Ada beberapa macam tes yang mesti dilalui untuk masuk PKN STAN, antara lain TPA dan TBI. Nah, khusus untuk TBI, soal terdiri dari soal structure dan reading comprehension (dari pengalaman tahun sebelumnya). Soal structure bahasa Inggris merupakan soal yang unik, karena memang harus mengenali tipikal soal berdasarkan bentuk grammatikalnya. Kebanyakan materi-materi structure grammar yang keluar belum diajarkan di sekolah. Karenanya, mulailah untuk mencari buku- buku yang relevan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris (Baca artikel saya tentang : .Rekomendasi buku bahasa Inggris Grammar untuk masuk PKN STAN)
Menghadapi Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI) PKN STAN tahun 2020 mendatang, sudah saya siapkan latihan soal lengkap dengan pembahasan materi structure untuk menambah referensi belajar adik- adik yang sedang mempersiapkannya tahun ini. Agak terlalu panjang, karena jumlah butir soal mencapai 63 soal. Nah, langsung saja, berikut latihan soalnya,
1.… a little earlier, they would have avoided the heavy traffic.
A.Have they left
B.Have they not left
C.Had they left
D.Had they not left
Pembahasan :
Bentuk inversi pada kalimat, pengandaian tanpa IF; Had + subject + V3, subject + would have + V3
2.Semarang, … , has always fascinated me.
A.is a city of ten million people
B.it is a city of ten million people
C.a city of ten million people
D.whose a city of ten million people
Pembahasan :
Appositive Phrase
Merupakan sekelompok kata yang berfungsi memberikan keterangan tambahan kepada subject dan object.Pada bentuk soal diatas, bentuk appositive phrase nya bertindak sebagai Noun.
3. … a shower, I went to bed.
A.take
B.taking
C.having taken
D.took
Pembahasan :
Perfect participles (having +past participle)
Pada introductory verb (having taken a shower) menyatakan aktifitas yang terjadi sebelum aktifitas lainnya dalam kalimat tersebut utama.
I had taken a shower before I went to bed.
=== Having taken a shower, I went to bed.
4.Rudi’s professor had him … his thesis many times before allowing him to present it to the committee.
A.to write
B.writing
C.write
D.written
Pembahasan :
Causative verb bentuk have
S + have + object + Vbase
5.… Irma’s fear of heights, she decided to play roller coaster with a group of her classmates to Dufan Ancol during the holiday.
A.Because
B.Inspite of
C.Although
D.Even though
Pembahasan :
Clause of Concession,
Menyatakan kontras antara dua pernyataan
Because + subject + verb
Inspite of + noun phrase
Although + subject + verb
Even though + subject + verb
Jawaban paling benar berdasarkan strukturnya adalah inspite of
6.Budi spent … an enjoyable vacation in Bali this holiday that he plans to return as soon as he saves money.
A.such
B.very
C.so
D.such as
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan such (cause and result)
such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
7.…than he will want to leave.
A.He no sooner will arrive
B.No sooner he will arrive
C.He will arrive no sooner
D.No sooner will he arrive
Pembahasan :
Inversi bentuk no sooner
no sooner + aux ver (modal) + subject + verb
8.It was suggested that Lisa … Math more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam.
A.to study
B.study
C.studying
D.studied
Pembahasan :
Verbs of demand
S + (verbs of demand ) + that + S2 + V base
List of verbs of demand :
demand
insist
require
suggest
recommend
urge
advise
request
be necessary
be required
be essential
be important
Example :
The doctor recommended that she have surgery
The weatherman suggested that people not use highway 7
The law requires that students be in school a certain number of days a year.
9.… will be carried in the next space shuttle payload has not been yet announced to the public.
A.It
B.What
C.When
D.That
Pembahasan ;
That Clause
10.The papers … at 3:00 will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation.
A.deliver
B.to deliver
C.being delivered
D.delivered
Pembahasan :
Reduced Adjective Clause
The papers which are delivered at 3: 00 will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation
The papers delivered will contain the announcement of the manager’s resignation.
11.Pramoedya Ananta Tour, born in Blora, … famous as a great novelist.
A.and became
B.became
C.he was
D.and he became
Pembahasan :
Appossitive Phrase
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
12.A computerized map of the freeways using information gathered by sensors embedded in the pavement … on a local cable channel during rush hours.
A.airing
B.to air
C.airs
D.air
Pembahasan :
Verb agreement, diambil subjek pokok dari kalimatnya, yaitu a computerized map, maka verb yang tepat adalah airs
13.Vitamin C is necessary for the prevention and … of scurvy.
37.Many roads and railroads were built in 1900s … to link them with sources of supply.
A.because of industrial cities needed a network
B.because industrial cities needed a network
C.as a cause of industrial cities needed a network
D.due to industrial cities needed a network
Pembahasan :
Cause connectors
because + subject + verb
because of + noun phrase
as a cause of + noun phrase
due to + noun phrase
Pilihan jawaban yang sesuai form adalah "B"
38.Not until the Triassic Period ….
A.Did develop the first primitive mammals
B.The first primitive mammals develop
C.The first primitive mammals did develop
D.Did the first primitive mammals develop
Pembahasan :
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
not until + aux + subject + verb
39. Let's go for a walk, ...?
A.am I
B.shall we
C.would you
D.shouldn't we
Pembahasan :
Bentuk Question tag
Ajakan dengan Let's, question tag nya adalah shall we
40.Yogyakarta relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and …
A.Semarang too
B.Semarang also
C.Semarang is as well
D.So does Semarang
Pembahasan :
Elliptic structures
Dua buah kalimat positif yang predikatnya sama, pola susunannya adalah
Subject + verb (be) ... + and + so + verb (be)... + subject
atau
Subject + verb (be) ... + and + subject + verb (be)... + too
41.The man had his passport... at the immigration office.
A.stamp
B.stamped
C.stamping
D.stamps
Pembahasan :
Bentuk pasif dalam causative verbs
subject + have/get +complement (usually thing) + verb in past participle
42.The gracious host insisted that Mr. Jack … so early.
A.doesn’t leave
B.didn’t leave
C.not leave
D.hadn’t leave
Pembahasan :
Verbs of demand
S + (verbs of demand ) + that + S2 + V base
43.It was … that we went for a hike in the mountain.
A.So nice day
B.Such nice day
C.Such nice a day
D.So nice a day
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan so/ such
Dalam penggunaan so/such, mari dilihat perbedaannya
subject + verb + so + adjective + a + singular count noun + that
subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
maka, pilihan jawaban yang sesuai dengan rumus diatas adalah so nice a day
44.Everyone was … the threat of military intervention in that area.
A.Frightened for
B.Frightened
C.Frightened to
D.Frightened by
Pembahasan :
Preposition Combination
Frighten + by
45.I let my son … my car when he came to visit me.
A.To borrow
B.Borrow
C.Borrowing
D.Borrowed
Pembahasan :
Causative Verb
Let biasanya dimasukkan dalam daftar Causative Verbs
subject + let + complement + verb in simple form
46.He … since he lost his job.
A.Is feeling badly
B.Had been feeling badly
C.Is feeling bad
D.Has been feeling bad
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense dengan keterangan waktu since +simple past
Present Perfect Tense : subject + have/has +VIII
47. The KM Sinar Bangun, … went down at Toba lake last week, was reputed to have had greatly wealth on board.
A.Who
B.Whom
C.Which
D.That which
Pembahasan :
Relative Clause
person == who + verb/ whom + subject
thing == which
48.She writes such a … poetry that it is hard to believe she has never had a formal education.
A.Beauty
B.Beautiful
C.Beautifully
D.Beautify
Pembahasan :
subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
49.The teacher objected to the students’ … their opened umbrellas near the door.
A.Set
B.Setting
C.Sets
D.Having set
Pembahasan :
Gerund
object to + gerund (v-ing)
50.... that the president's economic policy will help curb inflation.
A.The hope
B.It is hoped
C.Hoping
D.To hope
Pembahasan :
Noun Clause dalam kalimat,
Sebuah kalimat bisa memiliki satu atau dua independent clause, salah satunya mesti memiliki subject dan verb nya sendiri.
51.The White House, … , is the home of the president.
A.It is located in Washington
B.Located in Washington
C.Which located in washingon
D.Is located in Washington
Pembahasan :
Appositive Phrase
Merupakan sekelompok kata yang berfungsi memberikan keterangan tambahan kepada subject dan object.Pada bentuk soal diatas, bentuk appositive phrase nya bertindak sebagai Noun.
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
52.Rarely … located near city lights or at lower elevations.
A.Observatories are
B.Are
C.In the observatories
D.Are observatories
Pembahasan :
Inversi
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
Rarely + aux + subject + verb
53.Only for a short period of time … run at top speed.
A.Cheetahs
B.Do cheetahs
C.That a cheetahs can
D.can
Pembahasan :
Inversi
Bentuk inversi subject dan verbs dengan negative expression
Only + aux + subject + verb
54.The climbers on the sheer face of the mountain … to be rescued.
A.Need
B.Needed
C.Needs
D.needing
Pembahasan :
Subject Verb agreement
Subject dalam kalimat adalah the climbers (jamak) sehingga kata kerja yang tepat adalah bentuk tunggal (V+s/es)
55.Everybody participating in the fund-raiser … to turn in the tickets by 7:00
A.Are
B.Is
C.Were
D.Have
Pembahasan :
Subject Verb agreement
everybody == is
56.The warmer the weather, … the attendance at the outdor concert.
A.The great
B.The greatest
C.The greater
D.greater
Pembahasan :
Double comparatives
the + comparative +subject +verb +the + comparative +subject +verb
57.I appreciate … the time to help me.
A.You taking
B.Your taking
C.Yours
D.Yours taking
Pembahasan :
Gerund
kepemilikan untuk gerund
58.We needed Jim … us figure out the solution.
A.Help
B.To help
C.Helping
D.helped
Pembahasan :
Kata need dalam kalimat diatas diikuti oleh infinitive karena subjectnya melakukan sesuatu
59.Dr. Munir, The president of the university, … a speech at the commencement ceremonies.
A.He will give
B.And he will give
C.Will give
D.Who will give
Pembahasan :
Appossitive Phrase
Subject, Appositive, Verb ...
60.I’d rather … in the morning than sudy in the night.
A.To study
B.Study
C.Studying
D.studied
Pembahasan :
Would rather
subject + would rather + simple verb
61.They hardly ever go to town, …?
A.Don’t they
B.Do they
C.Aren’t they
D.Weren’t they
Pembahasan :
Question tag
Kata- kata yang mengandung arti negatif, atau setengah negatif, question tag nya selalu positif.
contohnya,
never, seldom, hardly ever, by no mean, few, no/none
62.She prefers … at home than to see he cinema.
A.Stay
B.to stay
C.staying
D.stayed
Pembahasan :
Preference
subject + prefer + infinitive + than + infinitive
63.The opening of the new freeway in Ahmad Yani Airport has made the traffic condition in this city ….
A.More good
B.the better
C.better
D.more better
Pembahasan :
Degree of Comparison
Membandingkan dua hal; keadaan sekarang dengan keadaan sebelumnya =========================================================================
Itulah 63 Soal Latihan dan Pembahasan Tes Bahasa Inggris (TBI) USM PKN STAN Tahun 2020 ; Materi Structure. Untuk materi soal reading comprehension, bisa melalui link berikut, Latihan soal reading TBI PKN STAN.
Bila ada pembahasan soal yang kurang jelas atau perbedaan dalam persepsi pembahasan, isikan ke kolom komentar yaa..
Semoga bermanfaat dan sukses selalu.
