Cara Mengubah Kalimat Langsung menjadi Kalimat Tak Langsung (Direct Speech to Indirect Speech) pada Kalimat Pernyataan (Statement)

Halo sahabat Ahzaa, selamat datang kembali di AhzaaNet. Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan belajar tentang materi Bahasa Inggris yaitu Indirect Speech. Nah, sebelum kita mulai untuk belajar lebih lanjut tentang Indirect Speech, kita harus ketahui dulu apa itu Indirect Speech. 

Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) merupakan kalimat - kalimat langsung (direct speech) yang diceritakan kembali dengan cara lain tanpa mengubah arti dan tidak lagi mengulangi pembicaraan , tetapi menceritakan kembali apa yang dikatakan oleh pembicara. 

source : pixabay

Untuk mengenal lebih lanjut tentang kalimat tak langsung, silahkan perhatikan pada contoh- contoh berikut ini,

Contoh 1

Shita said, "Randu loves me."  (Direct Speech = Kalimat langsung)

Shita said that Randu loved her. (Indirect Speech = Kalimat tak langsung)

(Shita berkata bahwa Randu Menyukainya)

Contoh 2

She told him, "Please help me." (Direct Speech = Kalimat langsung)

She told him to help her. (Indirect Speech = Kalimat tak langsung)

(Dia berkata pada laki- laki itu untuk menolongnya)

Contoh 3

Anna asked me,"Are you a student?" (Direct Speech = Kalimat langsung)

Anna asked me if I was a student. (Indirect Speech = Kalimat tak langsung)

(Anna bertanya padaku apakah saya seorang siswa.)

Dalam kalimat langsung, terdapat tanda kutip, sementara itu untuk kalimat tak langsung tidak terdapat tanda kutip. 

Ada tiga bentuk kalimat yaitu pernyataan (statement), perintah atau permintaan (imperative/ requests) dan pertanyaan (questions). Pada pembahasan kali ini, akan kami khususkan untuk membahas perubahan kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung pada kalimat pernyataan (statement). 

Untuk mengubah kalimat langsung (direct speech) menjadi kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech) ada beberapa ketentuan yang mesti diperhatikan. Berikut penjelasannya,

1. Pernyataan langsung (direct speech) yang diubah menjadi pernyataan tak langsung (indirect speech) tidak akan mengalami perubahan tense jika induk kalimatnya memakai bentuk tense berikut :

a. Present Tense 

b. Present Perfect Tense 

c. Future Tense 

1) Present Tense 

Lina says, "I am a student." (direct speech)

Lina says that she is a student  (indirect speech)

Andra says, "Fahmi likes camping." (direct speech)

Andra says that Fahmi likes camping. (indirect speech)

2) Present Perfect Tense

Fira has said, " I have had breakfast."

Fira has said that she has had breakfast.

Ghea has said to me,"Rindu types a letter."

Ghea has said to methat Rindu types a letter.

3) Future Tense 

Woro will tell me," I am ready to come with you."

Woro will tell me that she is ready to come with me.

Asyam will say," Nobody is late."

Asyam will say that nobody is late.

2. Apabila induk kalimat langsung (direct speech) dalam bentuk simple past tense, maka kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech) mengalami perubahan tense. Perubahan- perubahan tense tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini,

Perubahan- Perubahan Tense dalam pengubahan kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung

Kalimat Langsung	Kalimat tak Langsung
Present Tense	Past Tense
Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous Tense
Present Future Tense	Past Future Tense
Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Tense	Past Perfect Tense
Past Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Tense	Past Future Perfect
Future Continuous Tense	Conditional Continuous

Keterangan waktu dan tempat juga akan berubah dalam ketentuan pengubahan kalimat langsung (direct speech) menjadi kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech).

now	then
yesterday	the day before
last night	the night before
last week	the week before
last Sunday	the Sunday before
two days ago	two days before
five years ago	five years before
today	that day
tomorrow	the following day, the next day
next month	the following month
next week/ year	the following week/ year
the day after tomorrow	in two days time

Selain itu, terdapat berbagai perubahan seperti berikut ini,

here	there
this	that
these	those
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

Contoh Kalimat

Present tense	Past Tense
Resa told me," Ahfa is sick."	Resa told me that Ahfa was ill
Rama said," I go to school by bus every day."	Rama said that he went to school by bus every day."

Present Contiunuous	Past Continuous
She said, "They are reading."	She said that they are reading.
Saka told me," I am studying Math at the moment."	Saka told me that he was studying Math then.

Simple Future	Past Future
Farah said, "Mita shall go to Jakarta next week."	Farah said that Mita would go to Jakarta  the following week.
Ann told me," I will study hard tomorow."	Ann told me that she would study hard the following day."

Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Firda told me, "I have done my homework."	Firda told me that she had done her homework.
She said, "Mother has bought a cake. "	She said that mother had bought a cake. "

Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
He said, "I have been working here for 2 years"	He said that he had been working there for 2 years.
She said, "I have been studying English for two hours"	She said that she had been studying English for two hours.

Simple Past	Past Perfect
He told me,"I saw Mirna last night."	He told me that he had seen Mirna the night before.
Jessica said," Fitra bought a new laptop."	Jessica said that Fitra had bought a new laptop.

Simple Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
Farhan remarked,"Azka was eating when he arrived."	Farhan remarked that Azka had been eating when he had arrived."
He said," I was thinking about the price."	He said that he had been thinking about the price.

Past Future	Past Future Perfect
He said," I would break the door if I were you."	He said that he would have broken the door if he had been me.
She said," I would study hard if I were you."	She said that she would have studied hard if she had been me.

Future Continuous	Conditional Continuous
He said," I will be doing the task myself."	He said that he would be doing the task himself.

Demikian cara mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung (direct speech to indirect speech). Semoga pembelajaran ini dapat membantu teman- teman yang sedang mempelajari materi Direct speech to Indirect Speech.

Semoga Bermanfaat.

Salam.